Shadowing Practice: DFM And DFA Explained - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hello everybody, this is Runa Andjeran and I'm joined by Andrew Amrinovin
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and we are going to cover the topic of design for manufacturing
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and design for assembly and what engineers need to know when designing a new product.
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Hi Andrew.
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So what does it mean design for manufacturing?
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Hello Renaud, good to be here.
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Thank you for inviting me.
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Well design for manufacturing is one of the most important design basically elements when it comes to designers.
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that is where you want to make sure
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that design is manufacturable easy to manufacture
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and you want to implement a system of design so
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that there's only one way for the user at the end
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end user to be able to use the product during the manufacturing manufacturing,
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of course, you want to make sure that the assembly of the
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parts are simplified in and so that there is basically less of a mistake possible
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or they call it also mistake proofing the assembly.
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So that's called design for assembly during the manufacturing.
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Right.
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And so you also covered design for assembly.
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Design for manufacturing, usually people say that when it comes to the fabrication of parts and design for assemblies, how to put it together.
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But really the principles, the approach is pretty similar.
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So let's cover a few things that designers need to keep in mind.
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And the first one is that when you design custom parts that are not standard off the shelf, they're not available right there,
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out there in the market, they actually can be fabricated with the process that you have in mind for mass production.
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Does that make sense?
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Yeah, it does.
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And I think there are a lot of ways to fabricate parts.
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There are 3D printing nowadays and there are injection molding.
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There are many ways to actually fabricate parts, but at the end of the day,
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you wanna simplify the design so that they're easy to be manufactured and easy to be fabricated.
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Right, at the intended volume, right?
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So you mentioned 3D printing versus plastic injection molding.
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Correct.
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If you wanna make 50 pieces, maybe 3D printing is gonna be fine, but if mass production is gonna be batches of 10,000,
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you get to think of injection molding right absolutely
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the the second one is a related point is whenever you can do not custom design
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some parts whenever you can if you can find standard off the shelf products on the market
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use them
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and simplify your product remove the risks remove the extra cost remove the the the time to make the molds
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and so on and so forth do you have an example
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or would you want to go deeper into this yeah that's correct now nowadays a lot of the components
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and so-called after shift parts are pretty much approved in terms of technology,
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in terms of production, and they are very much improved compared to 10, 20 years ago in terms of reliability and quality.
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So a lot of these, and you have a lot of different kinds of parts that are standardized nowadays.
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You have actives, passives, you know, for example, caps, resistors, inductors, as well as ICs, semiconductors.
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These are all a lot of these, including some connectors that are already off the shelf approved parts.
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And there are plenty of vendors out there.
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And a lot of times these parts are readily available
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and in stock so there's no need to redesign
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or reinvent the wheel per se
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and you just need to contact the supplier of your choice
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and get some samples and try it in your design
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and then if it works you can actually get a good deal cheap readily available parts right away right so um obviously
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if you need a very nice, let's say enclosure with your own design, you're not going to find that out in the market, but especially for internal parts as much as possible.
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Correct.
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Try to go standard of the shelf, we'll save you some time, some money and reduce the risk actually quite a bit.
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Right.
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Exactly.
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The next point, when you design the product as early as possible, you need to think, okay,
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how is this going to be made with what production process and what's the material going to be?
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And some people come to us and they say well this is probably going to be some plastic
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but aluminum might be okay also and so on and they really haven't thought through this
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so the design is far far far from complete.
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Does that make sense?
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Yes, it does.
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I think that this is where collaboration with different functions within the team is extremely important.
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I think designers need to be in touch with the ID Department Industrial Design team, as well as the program managers, customer requirements requirements
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and really at the end of the day they need to
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understand how this product is going to be used at the end
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so needs to be designed with the processes and materials
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that are in hand in mind so
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that everything will move smoothly absolutely the next point is think also of the color
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and finish and I'm talking to mechanical designers mostly here when you do your your 2D drawings
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this should be mentioned on the drawing if you don't put
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that down and
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if you don't already think about it well this is also related to the to the process
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and the material that you need to pick.
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If you pick a process that's maybe that leads to very porous parts like die casting and you want to anodize it,
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you will probably probably run into issues, right?
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This is just an example.
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Have you run into that?
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Yeah, I think that's a great point because a lot of times younger MEs,
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mechanical engineers, forget about the color or finish until towards the end
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and what happens is that different materials absorb and all reflect color
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and the finish differently
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and you end up having for example let's say you have two different kind of materials and you're supposed to have
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one color for both and then you end up having two tones two different colors
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that id will reject then you'll have delays in product delivery to market
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so it's very important right from the beginning uh establish a well-known approved vendor for material and and color and paint
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so that you can actually get some color chips
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and materials samples right up front
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so you can actually get it approved for the project as
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soon as possible yeah that's a great point yes reduces risk a lot.
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Exactly.
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And the last one and you touched on a little bit when you introduced the topic assembly.
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You have production operators, they're not university graduates.
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They're not going to think deeply about how things have to be put together.
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It's got to be, you know,
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broken down to the right degree at least and it's got to be relatively obvious how to put the parts together, right?
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Yeah, exactly.
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Assembly is one of the most important parts of the production.
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Many designers forget the fact that actually they're going to be operators and manual assembly on some of these parts,
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parts which can greatly impact the reliability and quality
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and testing of these assembled units or modules
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so it is very important for designers actually be in the assembly line
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and actually observe how these units are being assembled
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and they will have a better idea of how to design it next time yeah
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if possible engineers should put prototypes together themselves they will have an idea
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so exactly yes and it's it's also true for packing um
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and the same thing so thanks a lot andrew
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that was a good uh good overview of this topic
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and let's go into the next one in the next video thank you great thanks for having me thank you
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “DFM And DFA Explained”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: design, parts, assembly, manufacturing, color. בסרטון הזה יש 112 משפטים ו-1329 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:35. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-139 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 88% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
12 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| fabricate פועל | /ˈfæb.ɹɪ.keɪt/ | פִבְּרֵק, בָּדָה |
| mold שם עצם | /moʊld/ | טַחַב, עֹבֶשׁ |
| shelf שם עצם | /ʃɛlf/ | מַדָּף |
| approve פועל | /əˈpɹuːv/ | אִשֵּׁר |
| injection שם עצם | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ | זְרִיקָה |
| assemble פועל | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | אסף |
| connector שם עצם | /kəˈnɛktɚ/ | מחבר |
| resistor שם עצם | /ɹɪˈzɪstɚ/ | נגד |
| semiconductor שם עצם | /ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktə/ | מוֹלִיךְ לְמֶחֱצָה |
| absorb פועל | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | ספג |
| prototype שם עצם | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | אב טיפוס |
| module שם עצם | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | מוֹדוּל |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | are simplified · can be fabricated · be manufactured |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | haven't thought · Have you run |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-18 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו they're, don't, gonna. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: shelf /ʃɛlf/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, enclosure /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, semiconductor /ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktə/, aluminum /əˈlu.mɪ.nəm/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: fabricate /ˈfæb.ɹɪ.keɪt/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, batch /bæt͡ʃ/, passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: fabricate /ˈfæb.ɹɪ.keɪt/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, readily /ˈɹɛdɪli/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, porous /ˈpɔːɹəs/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: mold /moʊld/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו fabricate, mold, shelf.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.