Shadowing Practice: How to learn everyday English | Canguro English - Learn English Speaking with Video
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107 משפטים
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So you want to learn everyday English.
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The natural, authentic language that people are using every day to communicate.
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The only problem is that there's too much English.
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It's too much to learn.
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Where do you begin?
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And I totally understand this problem.
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In fact, that's the reason that I love language.
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Because it's so big and so complicated and there's always so much to learn but also because language is so deeply human.
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Now I've spent the past 10 years in the classroom motivating students to do this one very simple thing
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which is the trick to learning everyday English
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and that's what I'm going to be teaching you today
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so let's get started so in general we understand language really well especially English
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which is one of the most widely studied languages in the whole history of the world
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but although we understand English very well it is still mysterious
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and it still conforms to some mysterious laws of the universe and one of those laws is Zipf's law.
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Zipf's law tells us about word frequency in English.
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It tells us
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that the most common word in English is twice as common as the second most common word in English
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and three times as common as the third most common word in English etc etc etc.
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which means that
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if you put English word frequency on a graph you get
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this beautiful straight red line now the mysterious thing is
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that this is not just true for English
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but for all languages in the world even extinct languages
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or invented languages like Esperanto and even for languages
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that have never been translated so this means
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that the most frequent 100 words in English make up about 50 % of everyday English
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and the most frequent 800 words in English make up about 75 % of everyday English.
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This is fantastic news.
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So now we have a shortcut to learning English vocabulary.
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Except it's not that simple.
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You see, when we actually start to take a close look at word frequency in English,
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when we look at taboo words or we look at words
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that are related to a specific culture we start to see that
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Zip's law isn't really a law it's more of a guide you see
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Zip's law exists not because of some mysterious thing in the universe it exists
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because of meaning and people and that is something
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that we're going to talk about at the end of this video
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but first we need to talk about fluency
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so let's try to create a definition of fluency
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so it's not about having a huge vocabulary
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because there are plenty of native speakers who are fluent who don't have a big vocabulary at all
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and it's not about fast speech or continuous speech
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because again there are plenty of native speakers who take long pauses
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or speak really slowly and it's not about having perfect grammar
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because there are plenty of native speakers who bend or break the rules of grammar.
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In fact, I think that the whole concept of grammatical versus ungrammatical...
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doesn't even make any sense.
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What we should be talking about is acceptable versus unacceptable language and this varies over time and space.
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People in New York talk differently to people in London
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and people in London in the 1920s talk differently to people in London now.
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So how can we define fluency?
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Well for most people
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when they talk about fluency they are talking about being able to combine the right type of grammar
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and the right type of vocabulary spontaneously.
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So maybe that's the trick to learning everyday English.
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It's about memorizing that high -frequency vocabulary and memorizing those grammatical structures and then fluency.
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Well, unfortunately it's not that simple.
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Let's take a look at one of the most basic sentences subject verb object I eat pizza
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and now if we want to be fluent we can just take our vocabulary
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and plug that vocabulary into that structure the problem is that
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that also gives us the sentence I shout cats
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but unfortunately it gets worse because we can have a sentence with the correct grammar and correct vocabulary but it's not acceptable.
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For example you can say I got dressed.
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You could also say I put on my body my clothes of mine.
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Perfect grammar perfect vocabulary not acceptable
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but then you can have something in between the two like I put on my garments
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now this is not as unacceptable as my second example
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but also it's not as acceptable as my first example and And this is where the problem of learning everyday English begins.
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Because language is infinite.
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There are infinite possibilities.
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So being fluent and using everyday English is not about using all of the possibilities
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because a majority of those will be unacceptable.
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It's actually about limiting the possibilities.
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Learning everyday English is actually about a process of elimination.
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And that's why obsessing about studying grammatical structures or memorizing word lists won't help you.
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Because it doesn't give you those everyday combinations.
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In fact, this is a really big problem in general with people learning languages.
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People treating language like it's mathematics.
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Like if they can memorize the formula, then they can use this formula to create natural English.
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But that's not how it works at all.
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You see, most of the language that we use every day is actually memorised, prefabricated constructions.
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So, we know that in English there is more than one way of saying the same thing.
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Hello!
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Good day to you, sir!
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Top of the morning to you!
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But some of these combinations or these prefabrications will be more favoured than others.
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More natural.
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More fluent.
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And in 2000, Britt Ehrman and Beatrice Warren proved that more than 50 % of the language
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that we use every day is made up of these prefabricated, memorized constructions.
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Everyday English is about conventions, cultural conventions.
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Everyday English is about people.
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It's about the language that we have all decided together is acceptable.
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And so that finally brings us to that one trick to learning everyday English.
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And it's not a trick that you're going to find in a workbook
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or an app or a course or a system
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because the trick is to use your English for authentic communication with real people because language is about people.
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It's impossible to learn a language without other people.
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Using your English does not mean more hours studying.
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It means listening, reading, conversation.
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And those are things that nobody can give you and you can't buy.
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Practice is what gives you fluency
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so be smart about where you invest your time
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and your money and always remember that language is about people
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and you can't buy everyday English
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and you can't buy fluency I'm Christian this is Kangaroo English I'll see you in class
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “How to learn everyday English”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: English, language, everyday, word, vocabulary. בסרטון הזה יש 107 משפטים ו-1138 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 11:37. הדובר מדבר לאט, כ-98 מילים בדקה, כך שיש זמן לחקות כל צליל. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| vocabulary שם עצם | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | אוֹצַר מִלִּים |
| fluency שם עצם | /ˈfluːənsi/ | רהיטות |
| memorize פועל | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | שִׁנֵּן |
| grammar שם עצם | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | דִּקְדּוּק |
| mysterious שם תואר | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | מִסְתּוֹרִי |
| grammatical שם תואר | /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | דִקְדוּקִי |
| authentic שם תואר | /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/ | אוֹתֶנְטִי |
| ungrammatical שם תואר | לא דקדוקי | |
| garment שם עצם | /ˈɡɑɹmənt/ | מד, בֶּגֶד |
| motivate פועל | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | דרבן |
| extinct שם תואר | /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ | כבוי |
| verb שם עצם | /vɝb/ | פועל, פֹּעַל |
| translate פועל | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | תִּרְגֵּם |
| pause שם עצם | /pɔːz/ | אתנח |
| cloth שם עצם | /klɒθ/ | בַּד |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- Where do you begin?
- In fact, that's the reason that I love language.
- Because it doesn't give you those everyday combinations.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | been translated · is actually memorised · is made |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've spent · have never been translated |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-14 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו can't, doesn't, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, cloth /klɒθ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/, elimination /ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/, shout /ʃaʊt/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, unacceptable /ˌʌn.ækˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, unacceptable /ˌʌn.ækˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, favoured /ˈfeɪ.vɚd/, verb /vɝb/, pause /pɔːz/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו vocabulary, fluency, memorize.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.