Shadowing Practice: "每当我身处低谷，我就会听这段讲话”【乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲】中英大字幕/英语长句快语速 Steve Jobs' Stanford Speech - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
196 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Thank you.
2
Thank you.
3
I'm Honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.
4
Truth be told, I never graduated from college.
5
And this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
6
Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life.
7
That's it.
8
No big deal.
9
Just three stories.
10
The first story...
11
is about connecting the dots.
12
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop -in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
13
So why'd I drop out?
14
It started before I was born.
15
My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student and she decided to put me up for adoption.
16
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates So everything was all set.
17
for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
18
Except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
19
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, We've got an unexpected baby boy Do you want him?
20
They said, "Of course."
21
My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college
22
and that my father had never graduated from high school.
23
she refused to sign the final adoption papers.
24
She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
25
This was the start.
26
in my life.
27
- Thank you.
28
And 17 years later, I did go to college.
29
But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford.
30
and all of my working class parent savings were being spent on my college tuition.
31
After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
32
I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
33
And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.
34
So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.
35
It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
36
The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me
37
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
38
It wasn't all romantic.
39
I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms.
40
I returned Coke bottles for the five -cent deposits to buy food with.
41
and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night
42
to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
43
I loved it.
44
And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
45
Let me give you one example.
46
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
47
Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand -calligraphed.
48
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
49
I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.
50
It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture.
51
and I found it fascinating.
52
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
53
But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, It all came back to me.
54
And we designed it all into the Mac.
55
It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
56
if I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
57
And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
58
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
59
Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.
60
But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.
61
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.
62
You can only connect them looking backwards.
63
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
64
You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
65
because believing that the dots will connect down the road
66
will give you the confidence to follow your heart even when it leads you off the well -worn path.
67
and that will make all the difference.
68
Thank you.
69
My second story is about love and loss.
70
- The President of the United States, I was lucky.
71
I found what I love to do early in life.
72
Waz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.
73
We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage
74
into a $2 billion company with over 4 ,000 employees.
75
We just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I just turned 30.
76
And then I got fired.
77
How can you get fired from a company you started?
78
Well?
79
As Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.
80
And for the first year or so, things went well.
81
But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.
82
When we did, our board of directors sided with him.
83
And so at 30, I was out.
84
and very publicly out.
85
What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
86
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
87
I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
88
I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
89
I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the valley.
90
But something slowly began to dawn on me.
91
I still loved what I did.
92
- Thank you.
93
The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
94
I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
95
And so I decided to start over.
96
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
97
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again less sure about everything.
98
It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
99
During the next five years I started a company named Next
100
Another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
101
Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film, Toy Story.
102
and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
103
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought next, and I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed it next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
104
And Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
105
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
106
It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
107
sometime life sometimes life's gonna hit you in the head with a brick Don't lose faith.
108
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
109
You've got to find what you love.
110
And that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.
111
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.
112
And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
113
If you haven't found it yet, keep looking and don't settle.
114
As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
115
And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
116
So keep looking.
117
Don't settle.
118
My third story is about death.
119
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.
120
It made an impression on me.
121
And since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, If today were the last day of my life, what I want to do,
122
what I am about to do today.
123
and whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row I know I need to change something.
124
Remembering
125
that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
126
Because almost everything All external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure,
127
These things just fall away in the face of death.
128
leaving only what is truly important, Remembering
129
that you are going to die is the best way I
130
know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
131
You are already naked.
132
There is no reason not to follow your heart.
133
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
134
I had a scan at 7 :30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
135
I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
136
The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable.
137
and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
138
My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order.
139
which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
140
It means to try and tell your kids everything.
141
You thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them.
142
in just a few months.
143
It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
144
It means to say your goodbyes.
145
Yes.
146
I live with that diagnosis all day.
147
Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat.
148
through my stomach and into my intestines.
149
put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
150
I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying.
151
because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
152
I had the surgery.
153
And thankfully, I'm fine now.
154
Mm This was the closest I've been to facing death.
155
and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
156
Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than
157
when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.
158
No one wants to die.
159
Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
160
And yet, death is the destination we all share.
161
No one has ever escaped it.
162
And that is as it should be because death is very likely the single best invention of life.
163
It's life's change agent.
164
It clears out the old to make way for the new.
165
Right now, the new is you.
166
But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old, and be cleared away.
167
Sorry to be so dramatic.
168
but it's quite true.
169
Your time is limited.
170
So don't waste it living someone else's life.
171
Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
172
Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
173
and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
174
They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
175
everything else is secondary Thank you.
176
Thank you.
177
When I was young, There was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the Bibles of my generation.
178
It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
179
This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing So it was all made with typewriters, scissors and Polaroid cameras.
180
It was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along.
181
It was idealistic.
182
overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
183
Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog.
184
And then, when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.
185
It was the mid -1970s and I was your age.
186
On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road
187
the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
188
Beneath it were the words: Stay hungry.
189
Stay foolish.
190
It was their farewell message as they signed off.
191
Stay hungry.
192
Stay foolish.
193
And I have always wished that for myself.
194
And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
195
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
196
Thank you all very much.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “"每当我身处低谷，我就会听这段讲话”【乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲】中英大字幕/英语长句快语速 Steve Jobs' Stanford Speech”. בסרטון הזה יש 196 משפטים ו-2277 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 14:19. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-159 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| calligraphy שם עצם | /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/ | כתיבה תמה, קליגרפיה |
| pancreas שם עצם | /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/ | לבלב |
| typography שם עצם | /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/ | טיפוגרפיה, טיפוגרפיקה |
| foolish שם תואר | /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ | מטופש, טיפשי |
| serif שם עצם | /ˈsɛɹɪf/ | תָּג |
| typeface שם עצם | /ˈtaɪpˌfeɪs/ | גופן |
| someday תואר הפועל | יום אחד | |
| adventurous שם תואר | /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/ | הרפתקני |
| biopsy שם עצם | /ˈbaɪɑpsi/ | בִּיּוֹפְּסְיָה |
| diagnose פועל | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | אבחן |
| dormitory שם עצם | /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | חדר שינה |
| hitchhike פועל | /ˈhɪt͡ʃhaɪk/ | תָּפַס טְרֶמְפּ, נָסַע בְּטְרֶמְפּ |
| intestine שם עצם | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | מְעִי |
| overflow פועל | /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ | גָּלַשׁ, עָלָה עַל גְּדוֹתָיו |
| typewriter שם עצם | [ˈtaɪpˌɹaɪtə(ɹ)] | מְכוֹנַת כְּתִיבָה |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| drop out פועל | נָשַׁר |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- So why'd I drop out?
- How can you get fired from a company you started?
- I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
- You've got to find what you love.
- I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | be told · was born · should be adopted |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've ever gotten · haven't found · I've looked |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | someone who I · woman who would · people who want |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-36 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, didn't, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, proportionally /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənəli/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, tuition /tjuːˈɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/, typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/, artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: backward /ˈbækwɚd/, farewell /fɛɹˈwɛl/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: pancreas /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/, backward /ˈbækwɚd/, adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/, animate /ˈæn.ə.mət/, calligraph /ˈkælɪɡɹæf/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/, pancreas /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/, typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/, serif /ˈsɛɹɪf/, tumor /tuː.məɹ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו calligraphy, pancreas, typography.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.