Shadowing Practice: Stop Walking 10,000 Steps/Day (do this for 10 minutes instead) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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160 משפטים
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1
What are your thoughts on exercise and the current suggestions and recommendations around exercise?
2
Well, I'm glad you asked this question.
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I think I've been thinking about this a lot.
4
I did a podcast on the current exercise guidelines, and I think they need to be updated.
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I think they're not good enough.
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And it's important for people to realize how these exercise guidelines were formulated and what they mean. So typically,
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you'll hear exercise guidelines 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate intensity exercise is good for optimal health
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or 75 minutes to 150 minutes a week of vigorous intensity exercise, right?
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So they're basically a two-to-one ratio, right?
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Twice as many minutes for moderate intensity as vigorous intensity.
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What is defined as moderate versus vigorous?
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That's also important because it's different across different studies.
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In these guidelines, it's basically moderate intensity is you're walking.
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You're moving with intent, but not really, really fast.
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You're walking at maybe a fast pace, but you're not jogging and you're not running.
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That kind of activity would be considered moderate.
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Vigorous would be considered jogging, running, swimming, cycling.
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So the kind of activity where you're actually moving fast with intent.
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Why do we have this two to one ratio?
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Where did it come from?
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Well, it all came from energy expenditure.
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You burn twice as many calories if you're doing vigorous intensity exercise as you do if you're doing moderate intensity, right?
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So if you're walking one mile, you'll burn X amount of calories.
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If you jog that mile, you'll burn twice as many calories.
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That's where these guidelines came from, the two-to-one ratio, right?
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Weight loss, energy expenditure.
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But that's not necessarily what's important for reducing cancer mortality, reducing cardiovascular-related mortality, reducing all-cause mortality, right?
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These guidelines use that data, this two-to-one ratio of energy expenditure, And then they looked at other studies and said,
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okay, how much exercise is required to reduce cardiovascular weight mortality or all-cause mortality?
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And they kind of like connected the dots.
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By the way, these studies also were using questionnaires.
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They weren't actually measuring how active people were.
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A new study came out, and I did a Journal Club podcast on it
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because it was the study that I felt was so important
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that I wanted to break down all the components of the study with another scientist.
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and talk about them because it's very important.
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So journal clubs, typically in science, you have them in my career, it was, you know, sometimes it was once a week, other times it was once a month.
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And someone, you choose a study that's important, and you break it down, and you talk about the results, and you talk about the methods, and talk about what the findings mean.
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That's what a journal club is.
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And it's essentially, you choose a journal and a publication within that journal, and it's a club.
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You have different scientists that are talking about it.
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Why did this warrant a journal club?
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Because I think this study basically is strong enough data that it's implying we need to change our exercise guidelines,
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at least the messaging of them, at the very least.
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And I'll tell you why.
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Because I talked about these guidelines, how they're formulated.
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They're using questionnaires.
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They're not measuring anything.
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Well, a new study came out.
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Not only did it measure physical activity through these accelerometers, it was able to measure how active people were and the type of activity, whether it was, I mentioned moderate versus vigorous.
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They also measured light physical activity.
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That would be considered walking around your house, kind of doing that kind of light activity, not necessarily going for a walk or going for a run.
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And they looked at deaths from different causes of disease.
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They looked at deaths from all causes.
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So all-cause mortality.
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They looked at cancer-related deaths.
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They looked at cardiovascular-related deaths.
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They looked at type 2 diabetes.
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They looked at heart attacks, right?
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And what was so profound was that what we found,
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what they found, and what we now know is that everything changes in terms of how important vigorous intensity exercise is.
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It's so much more valuable than we thought.
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It's not two to one.
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So if we're looking at all-cause mortality, you know, dying from all causes, cancer, respiratory, anything related that's non-accidental, for every one minute of vigorous intensity exercise,
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you had to do four minutes of moderate intensity,
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and you had to do like 100 to 150 minutes of light exercise to get the same reduction in all-cause mortality.
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For every one minute.
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For every one minute of vigorous intensity exercise.
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It gets better, okay?
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For every one minute of vigorous intensity exercise to reduce your death from cardiovascular disease, you had to do eight minutes of moderate intensity
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and 200 minutes of light exercise for every one minute of vigorous intensity exercise.
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It's huge.
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To reduce your type 2 diabetes risk, for every one minute of vigorous, you had to do 10 minutes of moderate intensity, or you had to do,
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again, you're in the 150 minutes to 200 minutes of light exercise.
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To reduce your risk of dying from cancer, for every one minute of vigorous intensity exercise, you had to do four minutes, about four minutes of moderate intensity.
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And for light, it was like, it was almost not even happening.
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I mean, it was like 250, 300, like you had to just a ton of minutes, unbelievable amount of minutes, okay?
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But the value of vigorous intensity exercise is so much more than this two to one ratio based on energy expenditure,
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based on burning calories that our guidelines were based on.
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It's time to rethink them.
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It's time to tell people, hey, if you're getting out and you're going for a run, it is worth way more than you think it is in terms of reducing your disease risk
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and your death from that disease, right?
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Also, what was really interesting about this study, and this goes back to this exercise snacks that we talked about before last episode,
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is that because there were people or participants were wearing these accelerometers on their wrist, they were able to measure all physical activity.
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Let's say you have a new puppy and you're sprinting in the yard
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and playing with them for a minute or two minutes or three minutes or whatever, not 30 minutes in the gym, right?
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Or not 30 minutes on the treadmill, but you're just a short burst, or you're playing with your grandkids or your kids and you're playing tag, whatever.
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Those moments count.
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They really add up.
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And that is also a take home from this study
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and other studies is that you can actually get massive benefits from the sprinting, the vigorous exercise, one minute, two minutes, three minutes.
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Women that did three
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and a half minutes of just this vigorous types of exercise per day lowered their cancer risk by 40%.
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Yes, three and a half minutes a day.
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This was in women.
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Now, there's bigger studies showing men and women that exercise nine minutes a day, the short, vigorous types of exercise, adding up, not nine minutes altogether, but like a minute here,
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a minute there, a minute here, right?
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It adds up.
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40% lower cancer-related mortality, 50% lower cardiovascular-related mortality.
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And that's another big take-home from this study
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that I really want people to know about because some people don't like spending 30 minutes or putting out, blocking out a 30-minute time or an hour-long time to go to the gym.
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They should.
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I mean, if they want their peak span, that's what you're going to have to do.
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But if you're just wanting to avoid disease and be in your health span,
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you know, you can get that by doing these short moments of short bursts of physical activity, and those count.
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And some people are like, oh, thank God.
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Thank God I can do that because I hate going to the gym.
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I'll, you know, they just won't do it.
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They won't do it.
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A lot of people as well are caught up with this 10,000 steps a day thing.
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Yes.
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10,000 steps a day.
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What's that facial reaction for people that can't see your face?
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She looked up into the corner like I personally offended her.
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Yeah.
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I look, any exercise is better than none.
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I want to just get that on the table.
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Okay.
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That's important.
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I don't want to totally diss the 10,000 steps a day, but I think that we need to ditch it.
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I think we need to ditch 10,000 steps a day and say 10 minutes a day.
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10 minutes a day of getting your heart rate up.
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You can do bodyweight squats.
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You can, you know, play tag with your kids or your grandkids.
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You can do shorter bursts of it, but it needs to be 10 minutes.
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And if you get to that 10 minutes a day, 50% lower cardiovascular-related mortality, 50% lower all-cause mortality, 40% lower cancer mortality.
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That is what you're going to get.
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10,000 steps a day is not gonna get you that.
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We just talked about it.
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It's not gonna get you that, right?
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It's a different ratio.
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It's not two to one ratio.
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I imagine there's people thinking, you used three terms that are vigorous, moderate, and light.
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We probably need to quite clearly define those definitions.
135
Like what is vigorous?
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Right.
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Heart rate, is it or?
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Vigorous intensity exercise can be heart rate and it is heart rate in a lot of studies that are done.
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In terms of the exercise guidelines, they don't use heart rate, they're using movement.
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Like when I say accelerometer, I mean moving fast.
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So they're able to measure the acceleration of your movement.
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And so the way that they're talking about it in these exercise guidelines studies is moving fast.
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Moving fast would be jogging, running, swimming, biking, you're moving stepper stepper would would stepper we'd be moving fat
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even even weights are moving fast that's part of it too weights you're doing you're doing weights wait
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because you'll because they're on your wrist and so if you're
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if you're doing bicep curls or you're doing you know something with your with your wrists
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that are fast it's part of that it's part of
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that equation as well heart rate isn't the thing they were measuring
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but that's a consequence of moving fast it is it is
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so you want to be thinking about getting your heart rate personally
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when i think about it and if i'm talking about in the context of these exercise guidelines,
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I would say that heart vigorous would be probably considered 70% or more of your max heart rate would be considered vigorous.
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Previously, when I'm talking about vigorous, I also talk about high-intensity interval training, and that's more like 80% of your max heart rate or higher.
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Very important for improving VO2 max and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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But in these studies, heart rate is more like a 70% your max heart rate and more, because that's you can be jogging at that rate right jogging
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or running that's a big that's vigorous intensity exercise if you're below
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that if you're like you know 50% your max heart rate that's considered moderate intensity
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and then you know maybe even lower than that
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if you're just sort of you know walking around the house
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I mean that's not even going out much at all that's light that's considered light
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Stop Walking 10,000 Steps/Day”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: exercise, vigorous, intensity, mortality, moderate. בסרטון הזה יש 160 משפטים ו-1921 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 10:27. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-184 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| mortality שם עצם | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | תְּמוּתָה |
| calorie שם עצם | /ˈkæləɹi/ | קָלוֹרְיָה |
| wrist שם עצם | /ɹɪst/ | שורש כף היד |
| ditch שם עצם | /dɪt͡ʃ/ | חֲפִיר, תְּעָלָה |
| sprint שם עצם | /spɹɪnt/ | מאוץ, ריצה מהירה |
| treadmill שם עצם | /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/ | הֲלִיכוֹן |
| curl שם עצם | /kɜɹl/ | תלתל |
| acceleration שם עצם | /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | האצה |
| participant שם עצם | /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ | מִשׁתַתֵף |
| snack שם עצם | /snæk/ | חָטִיף |
| optimal שם תואר | /ˈɑptɪməl/ | אופטימלי |
| puppy שם עצם | /ˈpʌpi/ | כלבלב, גּוּר |
| equation שם עצם | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | משוואה \ מִשְׁוָאָה |
| consequence שם עצם | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | תּוֹצָאָה, הַשְׁלָכָה |
| unbelievable שם תואר | /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/ | לֹא יֵאָמֵן, לֹא יְאֻמַּן כִּי יְסֻפַּר |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| come out פועל | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | יָצָא |
| go out פועל | יָצָא |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- I think I've been thinking about this a lot.
- I think they're not good enough.
- You're moving with intent, but not really, really fast.
- Why do we have this two to one ratio?
- What's that facial reaction for people that can't see your face?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| משפטי תנאי (Conditional sentences) if + clause, will/would + verb — תנאי ותוצאה שלו | if you're walking one mile, you'll burn · If you jog that mile, you'll burn |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | be updated · were formulated · is defined |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | Women that did · people that can |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-59 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, they're, you'll. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, expenditure /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/, accelerometer /ækˌsɛl.əˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/, cardiorespiratory /ˌkɑɹ.di.oʊˈɹɛs.pɚ.ə.tɔɹ.i/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, accelerometer /ækˌsɛl.əˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/, grandkid /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌkɪd/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: vigorous /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, accelerometer /ækˌsɛl.əˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו mortality, calorie, wrist.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.