शैडोइंग अभ्यास: DuPont analysis explained - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Return on Equity, ROA Return on Assets, ROS Return on Sales.
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This video takes you through the financial ratios of the ROE formula, the ROA formula, the ROS formula, asset turnover and leverage, and shows how they fit together.
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The very basics and the very essence of financial ratio analysis.
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The beauty of financial ratios is that they link together information from two of the three main financial statements, the income statement or profit and loss statement, and the balance sheet.
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This gives you a more holistic view of a company's performance than merely looking at one financial statement in isolation.
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ROE, or Return on Equity, is defined as net income divided by equity.
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In other words, the net profit that the company has generated during a year, divided by the book value of the shareholder capital invested in the company.
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ROE is a measure of the rate of return to shareholders.
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For return on equity, at first sight you would say, the higher this ratio is, the better.
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The return on equity financial ratio becomes more meaningful when you dive into its drivers.
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What made the ROE go up or down versus prior year, if you look at the same company?
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Why is the ROE for two companies in different industries, or even in the same industry, different?
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This is where financial analysts owe a big thank you to the DuPont Corporation, for coming up with the idea of breaking ROE into three distinct elements.
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Let me walk you through these elements, ROS, Asset Turnover and Leverage, shortly.
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But first a trivia question.
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In which period did the DuPont Corporation start using the DuPont analysis?
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Was it the 1890s, the 1920s, the 1950s, or 1980s?
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When you are logged into YouTube and are watching this video from a computer, then please click the voting card on the top right to submit your vote.
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I will explain you first what the DuPont formula is, and then share the answer to the quiz question towards the end of the video.
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Here's the three-part version of the DuPont analysis.
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Mathematically, this split makes little sense, as you are multiplying fraction bars where the denominator in one of the fractions is the numerator in another fraction,
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hence they will cancel each other out when multiplied.
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For financial analysis, to split into three pieces makes a lot of sense.
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The first element, ROS or Return on Sales, is Net Income divided by Sales, which is an indicator of the relative profitability or operating efficiency.
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How many cents of profit are generated for every dollar of sales?
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The higher the ROS, the better.
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The second element is Asset Turnover, calculated as Sales divided by Assets, a measure of asset use efficiency.
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Can we maximize the amount of sales we generate with the assets that we have?
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A solid control of working capital is key here to decrease the denominator of assets.
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What are the terms you negotiate with your customers?
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Are you getting your customers to pay on time?
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Is your manufacturing and supply chain operation efficient, so the amount of inventory or stock along the way is minimized?
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All of those help to minimize the denominator.
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The first two elements together, ROS multiplied by Asset Turnover, form ROA .
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This ratio of ROA has many variations.
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Some companies measure ROIC , ROTC , ROCE or RONOA .
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These are all variations on the same theme.
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You look at the returns generated during a period, and compare them to the capital invested in the company to generate those returns.
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ROA is an indicator of business success, influenced by two factors, ROS or Margin Performance,
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and Asset Turnover, which you could call speed or velocity.
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The last element of the DuPont three-part equation is leverage, assets divided by equity.
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Whether they should be high or low is a much discussed question among business people, finance people, and academics, and I don't think there is a definitive answer.
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On the one side, if you can borrow money, take on debt, at low interest rates, and put this money to productive use, you could grow the company faster, and generate higher returns.
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On the other side, if debt is very high compared to the equity in the company, you could increase the risk profile, and decrease your buffer against bankruptcy.
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We have seen plenty of examples of companies that were too highly leveraged, going under in various financial crises over the years.
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Alright, that's the most commonly known three-step version of the DuPont formula.
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Are you ready for some more excitement?
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You can expand the DuPont formula to five steps if you want even more analytical insight
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into the drivers of where your ROE increase or decrease is coming from.
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The two elements on the right stay the same, asset turnover and leverage.
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However, ROS gets split into three elements.
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Net income divided by earnings before tax, which is called tax burden, earnings before tax divided by EBIT,
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called interest burden, and EBIT divided by sales, which is EBIT percentage.
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In a lot of companies, improving the EBIT percentage and increasing the asset turnover are important targets for the management team, whereas the other elements are for the finance,
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treasury and tax departments to manage.
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To close the loop on the DuPont formula, the answer to the trivia question is that this financial ratio analysis method came into use in the 1920s.
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It is still in ubiquitous use, and it can help you to understand the drivers of performance for your company.
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So thank you very much to Donaldson Brown of the DuPont Corporation!
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On the Finance Storyteller YouTube channel, you can find lots of well-researched videos explaining business, finance and accounting topics.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “DuPont analysis explained” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: asset, return, Dupont, financial, element। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 62 वाक्य और 996 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:15 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 160 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 78% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है। इसके 62 वाक्यों में से 10 प्रश्न हैं, इसलिए यह प्रश्नों के लहजे और छोटे जवाबों के अभ्यास के लिए अच्छा है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 12 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
multiply क्रिया/ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/गुणा करना
fraction संज्ञा/ˈfɹæk.ʃən/अंश
shareholder संज्ञा/ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/शेयरधारक, अंशधारी
profitability संज्ञा/ˌpɹɑ.fɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/मुनाफ़ा, मुनाफा
ubiquitous विशेषण/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/सर्वव्यापी, सर्वव्यापक
definitive विशेषण/dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/निश्चयात्मक
quiz संज्ञा/kwɪz/क्विज़, प्रश्नोत्तरी
calculate क्रिया/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/गणना करना, हिसाब रखना
velocity संज्ञा/vəˈlɑsəti/वेग
borrow क्रिया/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/उधार लेना
equation संज्ञा/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/समीकरण
essence संज्ञा/ˈɛsəns/तत्त्व, ज़ात

दोहराने लायक वाक्य

वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:

  • What are the terms you negotiate with your customers?
  • Are you getting your customers to pay on time?
  • Are you ready for some more excitement?

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैis defined · are logged · are generated
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीSales, which is · tax, which is
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhas generated · have seen

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/, indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, numerator /ˈnuː.məɹˌeɪ̯.təɹ/, profitability /ˌpɹɑ.fɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: turnover /ˈtɝnoʊvɚ/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, trivia /ˈtɹɪvi.ə/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, quiz /kwɪz/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, analytical /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/, analyst /ˈænəlɪst/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर multiply, fraction, shareholder जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →