शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Harvard Thinking: Who should take GLP-1s? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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My real nightmare about GLP -1s is
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that we end up in a world where we cease to pay attention to the cause of the problem,
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which is the various reasons that people are struggling with obesity in the first place.
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It's like in the supermarket aisle, you can go down one aisle in the supermarket
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and there are other companies selling all these foods that are really bad for us.
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And then the same companies in the next aisle are selling us the weight loss products
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that deal with the problem that they caused in the other aisle.
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GLP -1s have evolved from a treatment of type 2 diabetes into drugs for weight management, leading to a surge in usage,
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and evidence of promise against a range of other health issues.
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But given how new these drugs are to the market,
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medical professionals are only now starting to figure out who should and should not be using them, considering downstream risks like muscle loss,
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which can particularly impact the elderly.
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They also raise the question, do we lose anything when we allow taking a pill to become a substitute for lasting lifestyle changes?
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Welcome to Harvard Thinking, a podcast where the life of the mind meets everyday life.
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Today, I'm joined by...
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Caroline Apovian.
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I am an obesity medicine specialist, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
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She's also the co -inaugural director of the integrated
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Mass General Brigham Center for Weight Management and Wellness.
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Then...
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Daniel Lieberman.
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I'm a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University.
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He's also a best -selling author and recently published
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Fed Up, What Evolution Reveals About Food, Diet, Health, and Eating Well. And finally...
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Dr. Fatima Cody -Stanford.
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I'm an obesity medicine physician -scientist at Mass General Brigham.
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She's also an associate professor of medicine and pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.
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And I'm your host, Samantha Leine -Perfos.
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I'm a writer for the Harvard Gazette.
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Today, we'll talk about GLP -1s and why we should be excited about their potential and also cautious.
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And a quick note, Caroline Apovian and Fatima Cody Stanford have worked with pharmaceutical companies, including makers of GLP -1s.
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Caroline worked as a former consultant and Fatima as a current consultant.
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Fatima has also received industry funding for her research.
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What is so magical about this category of drug?
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The word magical is a very interesting word to use.
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We call these drugs game changers because of their robust effects on health and in particular on first,
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you're right, type 2 diabetes and now obesity.
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And obesity affects 42 % of the United States population.
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Fatima Cody Stanford was instrumental in getting organizations to distinguish obesity to be a disease and not a matter of willpower.
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And once that happened, the race was on to develop these drugs for use in obesity.
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And the reason why they're considered magical is because for the first time in many people's lives,
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they take a GLP -1 and suddenly, as they say, the food noise is gone.
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They eat, they're full, they feel like eating healthy food, and they feel like exercising.
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We never had anything like this before to treat obesity except for metabolic bariatric surgery.
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So I actually push back a little bit on the terms game changer or magical.
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I do think that they have definitely created an inflection point in how we think about this disease process.
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Their potency has changed how the world sees
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or approaches this disease process due to the fact
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that we're looking at a total body weight change of either 15 % or 22%, or if we're looking at the triple agonists,
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you know, getting to closer to 30 % total body weight loss.
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And so when we look at these,
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people in the world are beginning to realize that this disease process is beyond this idea of willpower and self -control,
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that there is actual biology behind this disease.
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It's not just, oh, eat less and exercise more.
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And so I think this inflection point of really thinking about this from a disease process,
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while we can go back to the AMA declaration in 2013 or the World Medical Association, which just happened in 2025,
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it's when people start to become acclimated to the utilization of these medications and say, wait a minute, I do feel different.
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Wait a minute, I am making different choices.
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Wait a minute, these choices are influencing the way I interact with the world around me.
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That they begin to think, wait a minute, it must be something in the biology of me,
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and how my biology may differ from those around me.
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And that was what really got the conversation moving in a different direction, outside of the typical status quo conversation.
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If I can just add to that from an evolutionary perspective, I want to remind us all that we never evolved to lose weight.
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We're an interesting species.
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Human beings have a lot more body fat than most other mammals.
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Most mammals rarely have more than about 5 % body fat, but in our evolutionary history,
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we evolved to put on a lot more fat because it's really important for feeding our brains, for our reproductive system, for all kinds of reasons.
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You know, in the past, it was extremely rare that anybody could gain extra weight, And we never evolved adaptations to lose it.
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And instead, the key adaptations that we have are hunger and appetite, right?
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So when we lose weight, we go into what we call negative energy balance.
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We turn on a whole suite of signaling molecules, hormones, that signal to our brain that we're losing weight and make us hungry.
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And that's why it's been so hard for so many people for so long to lose weight,
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because they're fighting against millions of years of really deep and fundamental adaptations.
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And all of a sudden, for the first time, we've got this drug that can turn off some of those adaptations.
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From an evolutionary perspective, this is really quite astonishing.
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The reason why I think these are game changers for the field of obesity medicine is because these are not drugs, right?
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These are analogs of the hormones that the body makes when you eat food.
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They have numerous effects on other organs, including the brain.
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So I'd love to know from you, Dan, what you think about this evolutionary process
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and using these naturally occurring hormones to then counteract what we've done to the environment.
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Because it can't be purely genetic because our genes have evolved over millions of years and not over 50 or 100 years.
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And so what is it about the environment?
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Is it the ultra processed food?
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Is it just the fact
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that we've got all kinds of ways to throw down 3 ,000 calories by rolling down our window at fast food restaurants?
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Look, everything about our bodies is an interaction between our genes and our environment.
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Everything, right?
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And this is no exception.
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But as you say, our genes haven't changed that much in the last few generations.
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But in my lifetime, the percentage of Americans with obesity has quadrupled.
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So obviously it's not because some genes for weight gain have suddenly swept through the population in the last generation or two.
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But it is true that some people have more proclivity than others.
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But the other thing is that, of course, there are many factors that affect weight gain.
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Your microbiome is one of them.
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Your metabolism.
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People differ in their metabolic rates.
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Physical activity has some effect, particularly for weight gain prevention, not so much for weight loss.
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We could go on for all the various factors, but nobody doubts that the one thing that's changed the most, of course, is our food.
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When we walk into a supermarket here in Boston, the average supermarket here has 40 ,000 different kinds of food.
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40 ,000 different kinds of food.
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And something between 50 and 70, depending upon your definition, are ultra -processed.
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These are foods where the fiber has been removed, sugar and fat has been added, they've been made hyperpalatable.
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They've got all kinds of tricks and gimmicks to make us eat more.
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So there is an association, unquestionably, between the proliferation of processed foods and weight gain.
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And here's the thing, most of us, once we gain the weight, because of those adaptations, our bodies then reach a new set point.
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We now call it a settling point because for reasons that I don't think any of us understand,
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your body fights to put you back at the previous weight, not necessarily your original weight.
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But then one of the things that I want to bring up, particularly as we think about this from an evolutionary perspective,
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is I want to think about the group that happens to carry the highest weight, particularly within the U .S population,
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which happens to be Black women.
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I want to take us back to our period of enslavement.
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And if we really look at when Black women started to accumulate great levels of adiposity,
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it was actually during our periods of enslavement, which is very interesting.
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Because during the period of enslavement, we didn't have ultra -processed foods.
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There was high levels of physical activity.
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But what we don't account for during that timeframe, which really sets us up for the high levels of obesity within this population,
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the group that I represent, is the allostatic load and stress that started to occur for that population at that time.
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I think we have to recognize that early predisposition to obesity within the population
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that carries the highest burden here in the United States now, and when it started for us,
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and then bring it over to the high burden that then exists, and particularly think about it now in the context of what we see.
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Yeah.
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I completely agree.
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To add to that list, I should have mentioned stress, chronic stress, for example, which is of course a function of socioeconomic status and racism.
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There are epigenetic effects.
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So yeah, I 100 % agree with you.
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This is a multifactorial problem.
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There's no question that our food supply is a major one, but it's not the only one.
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One thing about food that I did want to ask about was this idea of food noise.
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What does that mean?
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And what is it about GLP -1s that are affecting it?
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For people that have food noise, they are constantly thinking about food.
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It doesn't matter if it's ultra processed, it doesn't matter if it's not.
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They have this constant desire to want to eat.
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And for those that are responders to GOP -1s, when they go on something like a GOP -1,
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they say they no longer think about eating in the way that they did before.
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So that volume that might be really high, you turn that down and they're like, wait a minute, I'm not thinking about food.
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I actually forgot to eat breakfast, lunch, and wait a minute, it's dinner time.
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I turned down the volume.
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So this thinking about food, it's no longer a focal point.
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For some people, not everyone, GLP -1s also reduce other kinds of noise, other forms of addiction for people who have issues with,
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say, tobacco or certain pharmaceuticals or alcohol.
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And so there's something just really quite extraordinary about this hormone and its multiple effects.
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And because you have to remember that hormones evolved to do multiple things,
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but I like to think of hormones really as allocators of investment and energy.
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And this is a hormone that's basically telling the body to turn down stuff.
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We have hormones that turn things up and hormones that turn things down.
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It's a very crude simplification.
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But what's amazing is that GOP1s normally in human beings, they have very short action.
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And the real turning point for this was
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that they used essentially the GLP -1 of a lizard that eats only once every three weeks or something.
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I can't remember the Gila monster.
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And that has a much longer acting effect than the human version.
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And now we're finding out all kinds of fascinating things about this hormone.
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So one thing I want to talk about too is that the usage for these drugs has increased significantly.
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Secondly, I think as of last year, one in eight American adults was using GLP -1s for weight loss.
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Dan, you have been vocal about some of your skepticisms with GLP -1s.
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I would love to hear some of the concerns and or limitations that we are seeing.
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I'm not skeptical.
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So I have two concerns really that are overriding.
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The first is that the evidence is that a lot of people on GLP -1s are losing a lot of muscle mass.
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As with bariatric surgery, where you have very extreme weight loss, people can lose something like 20, 30, even more percent of their body weight.
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And a large percentage of that, maybe up to 30 percent of that can be fat -free mass.
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So we're not talking about body fat.
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We're talking about other tissues.
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And some of that's muscle.
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And one of the big issues for aging in the United States is sarcopenia, which is age -related muscle loss.
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And so it's not a skepticism, but it's a concern that individuals who are on GLP -1s losing a lot of weight,
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if they don't include some degree of strength training, they could be at greater risk for age -related muscle loss for sarcopenia.
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And that's really concerning because that becomes a kind of vicious cycle.
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Once you get very frail, you become less physically active, you become even less active.
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I can speak from personal experience with my parents.
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It's a really challenging thing to watch.
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My other concern, of course, is that a lot of people, and Caroline and Fatima will know the data better than I,
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but there's a fairly high quit rate for these drugs.
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I think the latest study I saw, and I'm sure there's better data now,
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was that over 50 % of people are quitting it between one and two years.
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And then the other concern is what happens when they quit, right?
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Are they gaining weight back?
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But you guys know more about this than I do.
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Yeah, these are two big areas, Dan.
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The muscle loss concept is very much debated.
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First of all, when you lose any kind of weight by any means, you're right, bariatric surgery, drugs,
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diet, and exercise, you don't lose just fat, right?
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Because if you have obesity, there's extra muscle to hold everything together.
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And the Krebs cycle metabolism, you need amino acids to burn energy.
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So you can't just lose fat.
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There is always a certain percent that is muscle.
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And you really can't go below losing 20, 25 percent of the total as muscle.
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So that's physiology.
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Yes, there are people who lose more, 30 or 40 percent.
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We think it may have to do with the rapidity of the weight loss if they're not eating enough protein.
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And yes, if they're not doing strength training.
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But I think that the largest concern about muscle mass should be with the older population.
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The older population is already losing muscle mass, something like 1 % per year after the age of 40 or 50.
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And yes, those people on GLP -1s
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or after bariatric surgery may lose more muscle mass and develop dysfunction and frailty and sarcopenia and also bone loss.
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So that's a valid concern.
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And we've already had people in the older population losing 40 pounds on Wagovi
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and then falling and fracturing their tibfib because it was fragile.
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I definitely think that the muscle loss piece is by far more germane to those that are older adults, and particularly with the new
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Medicare Bridge program that's just come into place, right?
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So for those who are unaware, Medicare has decided to start covering these medications for individuals with obesity as of July 1st,
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which means that there's going to be a sizable percentage of the population that now have access to these drugs.
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The program appears to be in place from July 1st of 2026 through December 31st of 2027,
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We have no idea what's going to happen after that.
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But a sizable percentage of the population, particularly those that are 65 plus, will gain access.
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Now, we also know that population has a higher tendency to have issues like sarcopenia.
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And we do need to think about protein and muscle retention during that population.
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And so this is what I really like to emphasize with my patients.
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And this is how I bring them into the conversation, regardless of age.
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I say in our 20s and 30s, I like to think of a one -to -one ratio of cardio to strength.
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So 30 minutes of strength for 30 minutes of cardio.
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When we get into our 40s and 50s where I exist in that middle age range,
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I think of it as a two to one strength to cardio ratio.
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So for every 60 minutes of strength, 30 minutes of cardio.
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In our 60s and 70s, I like to think of a three to one strength to cardio ratio.
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So for every 90 minutes of strength, we should have 30 minutes of cardio.
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And if we get into our 80s and 90s, I like to think of it as a four to one strength to cardio ratio.
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So for every 120 minutes of strength training, 30 minutes of cardio.
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Now, tell me how many people actually do that.
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Zero own.
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Exactly.
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Unless you're me, right?
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And so this is what I emphasize with my patients.
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And when they're getting that mantra, they begin to realize the importance of strength training,
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because we've been fed this idea that it's cardio, cardio, cardio, cardio, cardio.
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But if you're really strength training in the way that we're talking about it, you are getting that heart health benefit from doing the strength training.
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Now, moving into your second piece, which is how people pull back the utilization.
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So 50 % discontinuation of GOP -1s.
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The number one reason for the discontinuation is cost, access.
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But what we've seen, and I will use Massachusetts as a case in point for discontinuation for these medications.
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Up until January 1st of 2026, Massachusetts had the best utilization and coverage for GOP -1 receptor agonists.
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If we look at employer -sponsored insurance, here in Massachusetts, the big four are Mass General Brigham,
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Harvard Pilgrim, Tufts, and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts or New England.
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All of these insurers were covering GOP -1s for patients with overweight and obesity.
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But as of January 1st, pulled back coverage for this patient population.
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What happened was our patient populations got pulled off of these medications.
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Now, for persons that are high -income earners, they were able to retain utilization of these medications.
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Price point between $300 and $450 a month out -of -pocket price.
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But if you're a high -income earner, that's not too much for you.
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If you're not a high -income earner, it's a lot.
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That's a very important point.
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I just saw a patient virtually because he weighs 625 pounds.
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But he did weigh 725 pounds,
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and he lost 100 pounds getting ready for bariatric surgery with ZepBound.
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He lost 100 pounds on the top dose of ZepBound.
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And then in July, it got pulled.
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He is now gaining weight.
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And I just messaged the surgeon and said, you better get him to surgery now because he's going to gain that weight back.
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You got to get him to surgery now.
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This is the segment of the population, BMI over 60, still rising exponentially in the United States and probably worldwide.
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So what are we going to do about this weight regain?
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It's causing a lot of oxidative stress,
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especially as you gain it rapidly so that food noise comes back very aggressively,
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especially if you've lost 100 pounds and you suddenly stop the GLP -1, you suddenly think that you're starving to death.
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My other concern about GLP -1s is about prevention and really goes back to what we started off talking about,
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which is that, so I have this term I apologize for, which I created, called disevolution.
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When we treat the symptoms rather than the causes of a mismatched problem.
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Then we just keep the cycle going.
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My real nightmare about GOP -1s is
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that we end up in a world where we cease to pay attention to the cause of the problem,
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which is the various reasons that people are struggling with obesity in the first place.
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It's like in the supermarket aisle, you can go down one aisle in the supermarket
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and there are other companies selling all these foods that are really bad for us.
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And then the same companies in the next aisle are selling us the weight loss products
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that deal with the problem that they caused in the other aisle.
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Ultimately, what we should all really want to do is prevent this problem from happening in the first place.
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That got to another question that I wanted to ask all of you.
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It is amazing that these medications are able to so effectively help people.
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And also, what happens when it becomes a substitute for the lifestyle change that needs to happen?
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I don't think it's a substitute for the lifestyle changes.
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So by the time the patients get to us, these patients have tried and failed, or that lifestyle has tried and failed them.
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They can list 25 to 30 different programs that they've tried and failed.
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It's like the biggest loser concept.
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It worked for a short period of time, and then it didn't work, and their bodies came back.
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And so then they're coming to us because they're like, okay, look, I've tried all these things.
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And so let's say they go on these medications, and they're like, oh, wait a minute, this works.
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Now they can actually go work out they are feeling good about themselves going to the gym
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and seeing the results pay off while they're on the medications.
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Because as Dan mentioned, if it pulls back, they're regaining.
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And then they're feeling lack of confidence.
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Their self -worth and self -esteem unfortunately deteriorates because they're like, here I am.
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I finally got to the quote unquote promised land and it was snatched from me.
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I always say nobody wants to have obesity.
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If diet and exercise worked and they wouldn't be stigmatized walking down the street because they have obesity.
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They would have done it.
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We have a disease.
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GLP -1s are not removing the cause of the problem,
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but what it is doing is it is reducing the body weight set point.
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I fully agree with you two, but I do want to ask you about children.
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So as I'm sure you both know, there are very scary statistics about the percentage of teenagers in the United States who are classified with obesity.
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It's somewhere between 20 and 30%, depending upon which study you believe in.
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Should we be giving GLP -1s to those kids?
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Me, my concern is how do we prevent those kids from getting into that problem in the first place?
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Okay, so I treat the full age spectrum.
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My patients go from two to 90 plus.
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And I think about who are the pediatric patients who actually end up in my clinic.
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It's usually the children of my patients.
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So how do I prevent this?
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If I can get the patients modified preconception, I have a higher likelihood of having children that have a lesser likelihood of obesity.
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The best study was a study that came out in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism back in 2009,
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which demonstrated that children born to mothers
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that undergone bariatric surgery had a three -fold decrease in likelihood of obesity in the mother after she had undergone surgical intervention.
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So if we can modify the weight status of the parent's preconception, we can modify the children's weight status.
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Let's come back to the question you specifically asked.
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Do we utilize these medications in children and how does that work?
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I do treat patients as young as 12 with GLP -1 receptor agonists.
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What I have found in treating these patients, first of all, when I get pediatric patients,
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I find that they actually have health status that's much worse than my adult patients.
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Their cholesterol is much worse.
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Their liver function tests are much worse.
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Their hemoglobin A1c, which is their blood sugar, is much worse.
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What I also find when using these medications is
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that they usually respond much better than my adult patients to the therapy when given to them.
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That gives them a likelihood of having a much better life
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moving forward than I did prior to the advent of these medications.
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So I see these patients go from looking down in my visit, not actually making direct eye contact because their self -esteem,
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their value, their self -worth is so tied into their weight, to making eye contact, having an improvement of their cardiometabolic health,
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and allowing them to move forward into adulthood with a better life.
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When we talk about GLP -1s, obviously they're so new.
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We're still figuring out so many things.
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What do you feel we are not talking about enough?
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or what are things that we really should be focusing on as an area of further research?
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I think that GLP -1's just created this explosion in social media, and in research, and in the medical community.
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And I think what we're not talking about adequately enough is who are they for?
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The protocols are not in yet.
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We're writing guidelines with the ADA, but we're not categorizing patients.
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I think the highest risk patients should be getting our more potent drugs and be considered for metabolic surgery.
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The BMI is not an adequate measure of body fat.
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We still don't have the right tools to measure who is at risk.
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And social media now is on a rampage which compounded GLP -1s that people are taking to lose 10 pounds.
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If you take a GLP -1 to lose 10 pounds, you don't have the disease of obesity.
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Are you setting yourself up?
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for stopping the medication, gaining even more weight back, and developing a problem that you didn't have in the first place.
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So if you're going to take a GLP -1 just to lose 10 pounds so you can look good in your dress,
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you should not be taking a GLP -1.
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It's not for you.
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I think one of the key things that we're not talking about are the potential use case scenarios for GLP -1s.
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What we do know is we have GLP -1s were initially approved for type 2 diabetes, and then we moved into obesity and obstructive sleep apnea.
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But we're going to continue to see different use case scenarios for these medications.
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And there's a variety of research interests
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that move outside of the space of cardiometabolic health into looking at rheumatologic conditions like gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
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We're looking at disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinsonism and things of that sort.
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And so as we begin to see this blossoming of research,
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I think it's going to be interesting to see just really how these medications begin to explode beyond the cardiometabolic use,
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and then how the dosing structure will change to accommodate these potential use case scenarios as we move forward.
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My thing that I really hope we can use GLP Wands to talk more about is
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that there really are game changers for treatment.
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There's no question about that.
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But they're not game changers for prevention.
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Wouldn't the best world be where you didn't have to use these in the first place?
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The fact of the matter is we do, and we should, and they are helping a lot of people,
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and we'll find out better ways to use them and maybe other adjuvants that can help us use them better.
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But hopefully we can leverage the opportunities that GLP -1s are giving us for treatment to also think more about prevention.
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Thank you all for joining me for this conversation.
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My pleasure.
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Thank you.
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It's been a pleasure speaking to everyone.
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Thanks for listening.
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For a transcript of this episode and our other episodes, visit harvard .edu slash thinking.
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If you liked this episode, rate and review us on Apple or Spotify, or like us on YouTube.
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It helps others find us.
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This episode was hosted and produced by me, Samantha Lainey -Perfos.
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It was edited by Ryan Mulcahy, Paul Mekishima, and Sarah Lamade.
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Original music and sound design by Noel Flatt.
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Produced by Harvard University.
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Copyright 2026.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Harvard Thinking: Who should take GLP-1s?” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: Glp, weight, obesity, patient। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 252 वाक्य और 4750 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 27:36 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 172 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| obesity संज्ञा | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | मोटापा |
| muscle संज्ञा | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | पेशी, मांसपेशी |
| medication संज्ञा | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | उपचार, औषधि |
| hormone संज्ञा | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | ग्रंथिरस, न्यासर्ग |
| evolutionary विशेषण | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | क्रमविकासीय |
| supermarket संज्ञा | /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ | सुपरमार्केट |
| percentage संज्ञा | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | प्रतिशतता |
| ratio संज्ञा | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | अनुपात |
| gene संज्ञा | /d͡ʒiːn/ | जीन, वंशाणु |
| lifestyle संज्ञा | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | जीवनशैली, जीवनचर्या |
| prevention संज्ञा | /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ | निवारण, रोकना |
| biology संज्ञा | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | जीवविज्ञान, जैविकी |
| scenario संज्ञा | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | परिदृश्य |
| diabetes संज्ञा | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | मधुमेह |
| substitute संज्ञा | /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/ | प्रत्याम्नाय |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come back क्रिया | वापस आना |
| turn off क्रिया | बंद करना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have evolved · have worked · has also received |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | has been removed · we've been fed · is cost |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | enslavement, which is · example, which is · people who have |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 82 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, we're, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, valid /ˈvælɪd/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, metabolism /məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/, physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, racism /ˈɹeɪsɪzm̩/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, spectrum /ˈspɛktɹəm/, suite /swiːt/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर obesity, muscle, medication जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।