शैडोइंग अभ्यास: TED English Course. B1.Lesson 1 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Reviewer Gopjei Reviewer All right,
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so let's take four subjects that obviously go together.
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Big data, tattoos, immortality, and the Greeks.
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Right?
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And the issue about tattoos is that, without a word, tattoos really do shout.
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So you don't have to say a lot.
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And tattoos tell you a lot of stories.
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If I can ask an indiscreet question, how many of you have tattoos?
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A few, but not most.
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What happens if Facebook, Google, Twitter, LinkedIn, cell phones, GPS,
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Foursquare, Yelp, Travel Advisor, all these things you deal with every day turn out to be electronic tattoos?
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And what if they provide as much information about who and what you are as any tattoo ever would?
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What's ended up happening over the past few decades is the kind of coverage
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that you had as a head of state or as a great celebrity, is now being applied to you every day by all these people who are tweeting,
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blogging, following you, watching your credit scores, and what you do to yourself.
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And electronic tattoos also shout.
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And as you're thinking of the consequences of that, it's getting really hard to hide from this stuff, among other things, because it's not just the electronic tattoos,
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it's facial recognition that's getting really good.
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So you can take a picture with an iPhone and get all the names, although again, sometimes it does make mistakes.
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But that means you can take a typical bar scene like this, take a picture, say, of this guy right here,
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get the name, and download all the records before you utter a word or speak to somebody,
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because everybody turns out to be absolutely plastered by electronic tattoos.
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And so there's companies like Face.com that now have about 18 billion faces online.
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Here's what happened to this company.
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There are other companies that will place a camera like this.
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This has nothing to do with Facebook.
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They take your picture, they tie it to the social media, they figure out you really like to wear black dresses.
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So maybe the person in the store comes up and says, hey, we've got five black dresses that would just look great on you.
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So what if Andy was wrong?
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Here's Andy's theory.
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What if we flip this?
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What if you're only going to be anonymous for 15 minutes?
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Well, then, because of electronic tattoos, maybe all of you and all of us are very close to immortality,
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because these tattoos will live far longer than our bodies will. And
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if that's true, then what we want to do is we want to go through four lessons from the Greeks
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and one lesson from Latin America.
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Why the Greeks?
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Well, the Greeks thought about what happens when gods and humans and immortality mix for a long time.
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So lesson number one, Sisyphus.
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Remember, did a horrible thing, condemned for all time to roll this rock up, it would roll back down, roll back up, roll back down.
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It's a little like your reputation.
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Once you get that electronic tattoo, you're going to be rolling up and down for a long time, so as you go through this stuff, just be careful what you post.
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Myth number two, Orpheus, wonderful guy, charming to be around, great partier, great singer, loses his beloved,
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charms his way into the underworld, only person to charm his way into the underworld, charms the gods of the underworld,
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they release his beauty on the condition he They never look at her until they're out.
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So he's walking out and walking out and walking out, and he just can't resist.
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He looks at her and loses her forever.
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With all this data out here, it might be a good idea not to look too far into the past of those you love.
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Lesson number three, Atalanta.
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Greatest runner, she would challenge anybody.
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If you won, she would marry you.
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If you lost, you died.
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How did Hypomenize beat her?
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Well, he had all these wonderful little golden apples, and she'd run ahead and he'd roll a little golden apple.
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She'd run ahead, he'd roll a little golden apple, she kept getting distracted.
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He eventually won the race.
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Just remember the purpose as all these little golden apples come
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and reach you and you want to post about them or tweet about them or send a late-light message.
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And then, of course, there's Narcissus.
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Nobody here would ever be accused or be familiar with Narcissus.
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But as you're thinking about Narcissus, just don't fall in love with your own reflection.
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Last lesson from a Latin American.
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This is the great poet Jorge Luis Borges.
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When he was threatened by the thugs of the Argentine military junta, he came back and said, oh, come on, how else can you threaten other than with death?
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The interesting thing, the original thing, would be to threaten somebody with immortality.
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And that, of course, is what we are all now threatened with today because of electronic tattoos.
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Thank you.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “TED English Course. B1.Lesson 1” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: tattoo, electronic, roll, lesson, immortality। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 67 वाक्य और 838 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:45 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 146 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| tattoo संज्ञा | /tæˈtuː/ | गोदना |
| immortality संज्ञा | /ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/ | चिरस्थायित्व |
| threaten क्रिया | /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ | धमकाना |
| charm संज्ञा | /t͡ʃɑɹm/ | टोना, जादू |
| underworld संज्ञा | /ˈʌndɚˌwɚld/ | पाताल |
| shout क्रिया | /ʃaʊt/ | चिल्लाना |
| tweet संज्ञा | /ˈtwiːt/ | ट्वीट |
| plaster संज्ञा | /ˈplæstɚ/ | लेपन |
| accuse क्रिया | /əˈkjuz/ | आरोप लगाना |
| consequence संज्ञा | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | परिणाम, नतीजा |
| myth संज्ञा | /mɪθ/ | मिथक |
| reflection संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ | परावर्तन, प्रतिबिंब |
| beloved विशेषण | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | प्रिय, प्रिया |
| anonymous विशेषण | /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/ | अनाम, अज्ञात |
| runner संज्ञा | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | धावक, रनर |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come back क्रिया | वापस आना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | being applied · be accused · was threatened |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — जो अभी या इन दिनों हो रहा है | is now being · you're thinking |
| “going to” से भविष्य be going to + क्रिया — योजना या जो साफ़ होने वाला है | you're only going to be · you're going to be |
| “will” से भविष्य will + क्रिया — फ़ैसला, वादा या अनुमान | will place · will live |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 13 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you're, don't, he'd। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, myth /mɪθ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: shout /ʃaʊt/, facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: immortality /ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/, anonymous /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/, celebrity /səˈlɛb.ɹɪ.ɾi/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: underworld /ˈʌndɚˌwɚld/, tweet /ˈtwiːt/, foursquare /ˈfɔːskwɛː/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: accuse /əˈkjuz/, resist /ɹɪˈzɪst/
- /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: tattoo /tæˈtuː/, immortality /ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/, plaster /ˈplæstɚ/, distract /dɪˈstɹækt/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर tattoo, immortality, threaten जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।