Pratica di Shadowing: He Realized his Mistake - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Scegli una modalità di pratica
Ogni modalità apre una sala di pratica a schermo intero.
202 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
Of all the legendary computer scientists, Tony Hoare stands distinct among them all.
2
Let's just put it this way.
3
70 % of all enterprise
4
Java errors that have been logged can be attributed to a single decision he made in 1965.
5
In fact, one of the largest Google outages in recent memory was caused by a null pointer exception.
6
We're talking about a basic if statement was skipped and seven hours of downtime was experienced with three hours globally affecting many, many services, including Spotify.
7
Costing many millions in damages, and all of this could be traced back to that one 1965 decision.
8
But it's not all epically bad decisions from Sir Tony Hoare.
9
He's also created some of the fastest and most memory -efficient sorting and statistical algorithms.
10
And his professional and academic work have laid the foundations for languages like Pascal and Go.
11
I know, some of you think
12
Go's a blunder, but he made the good parts.
13
And throughout his career, he has been honored slash awarded more than 21 times,
14
including the Turing Award, some consider the highest award in all of computer science, and he was knighted for his contribution to education and computer science.
15
But today, he receives the most prestigious honor of them all.
16
Programmer of the month at the startup.
17
Being knighted, programmer of the month.
18
But before we remember
19
Tony's greatest disasters and achievements, a quick thank you from the sponsors.
20
The next 100 billion commits are coming faster than planned for.
21
Is your CI up for the challenge?
22
Today's CI requires new infrastructure built for one thing, reliability and performance.
23
Blazingly fast.
24
Namespace optimizes for fast coding, test, and build environments.
25
It's their singular focus.
26
That focus runs down to the metal.
27
From server racks they design and deploy worldwide, to products built on foundations like dev boxes and GitHub Action Runners available on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
28
They actually have Mac.
29
Crazy.
30
They are used by Ramp, Vanta, Warp, Framer, Zed, Fowl, Sierra, Whisperflow, DuckDB, and even Ghosty uses them.
31
You can join them and try it out today at namespace .so.
32
Sir Charles Anthony Richard Hoare was born January 11, 1934 in what is now known as Sri Lanka.
33
He was educated in England at the finest of schools.
34
We are talking, of course, about the Dragon School in Oxford and the King School in Canterbury.
35
they serve tea
36
and fine fine table cookies i don't
37
i don't even know what they do with those type of places
38
it sounds very fancy okay i went to montana state university okay
39
i'm not allowed to have these type of experiences later on he entered merton college in oxford in 1952
40
and after graduating he spent 18 months studying russian of course
41
he had to do this as part of his compulsory duty to the royal navy
42
now this is where it actually gets pretty interesting because during his time in Russia at Moscow State University.
43
Also looks like he went to MSU like I did.
44
Go Bobcats for here!
45
Before I show you Quicksort, I did want to just say that
46
Tony Hoare raw dogs this on a pen and piece of paper in the middle of Russia.
47
Okay, there was no computer.
48
There wasn't even a programming language with recursion at the time of him inventing this.
49
It's like he has chat GPT in his head.
50
He can just close his eyes and imagine problems and get answers out of it.
51
Quicksort's actually rather easy to understand.
52
You pick an element, any random element.
53
I just picked the middle element.
54
And then you put everything that is smaller on one side and everything that is larger on the other side.
55
After that, 14 is now sorted.
56
Everything on the left -hand side is smaller.
57
Everything on the right -hand side is larger.
58
So if we do it again, we just consider the smaller side.
59
Again, we just pick the middle element.
60
We sort, and there you go.
61
7 and 3 are now sorted.
62
We do it again, pick the middle element, put everything smaller on the right, everything larger on the left, 11 is now sorted.
63
And since there's only one on the left, 13 is now sorted.
64
Do the same thing again.
65
They're both sorted.
66
Jump over to the other side.
67
Go in the middle.
68
Everything smaller goes on one side.
69
Everything larger on the other side.
70
Bada bing, bada boom.
71
That is quick sort.
72
Okay, so you're probably thinking, what's the big deal?
73
It's just sorting.
74
It's not even that awesome.
75
Well, actually, first off, it was very, very awesome.
76
I want to put a little couple things in perspective.
77
First off, runtime.
78
It has n log n for runtime, meaning that its growth, as the array gets bigger, will become proportional to N log N.
79
So that's actually pretty dang good.
80
Second, it does not require a lot of memory.
81
Now, this is very, very important because back in the day, back in the old days in 1960, one kilobyte of RAM, magnetic core RAM,
82
was $5 ,000 in the old US dollars, which means in today's dollars, that's like $50 ,000 per kilobyte.
83
Who would kill a byte for $50 ,000?
84
So as you can see, this is extremely important.
85
Now, he never actually got the chance to implement this.
86
This was just a pure thought exercise for a long, long time.
87
Until one day when he joined the Elliott Brothers in 1960 and his very first task was to implement Shellsort.
88
Now, of course, him being the confident fella he is, he went to his boss, which he has named Pat.
89
And he went, hey, yo, boss, uh, shell sword sucks.
90
I could make it much, much better.
91
And his boss was like, there ain't no way you're gonna make it any better.
92
And they actually ended up betting six pence.
93
I don't know what six pence is.
94
That sounds like something out of a nursery rhyme.
95
I don't know what's going on over in the UK or whatever they're doing over there.
96
But nonetheless, they bet a few dollars on the line or many dollars, or I don't know how many dollars that is.
97
What is it in freedom units?
98
I don't know.
99
Anyway, so they bet.
100
And then whore ends up getting on the whiteboard and starts drawing out some boxes and arrows and explains his algorithm.
101
His boss, Pat, implements the algorithm, admits he is wrong, and later
102
Tony Hoare does say that he was given six pence for winning the argument.
103
During his time at Elliott Brothers, he also convinced them to implement Algo 60 as opposed to their own bespoke proprietary language.
104
This proved to be a large commercial success, and Tony was showered with accolades.
105
Obviously, implementing Algo 60, he got really excited about it, and a few years later,
106
he started working on a language with Nicholas Wirth called Algo W, a successor to Algo 60.
107
Now, it's his work on Algo W that became so quintessential to all of our lives.
108
The emotional damage you have experienced can be traced back to these decisions right here.
109
Let me read you the abstract from his QCon talk in 2009.
110
I call it my billion -dollar mistake.
111
It was the invention of the null reference in 1965.
112
At the time, I was designing the first comprehensive type system for references in an object -oriented language, ALGOL W.
113
My goal was to ensure that all use of references should be absolutely safe.
114
Hilarious, okay?
115
I mean, we're talking about null references here, people.
116
I just, my heart is warm to be like, we're going to make it absolutely safe.
117
No references.
118
With checking performed automagically by the compiler, but I couldn't resist the temptation to put in a Null reference.
119
I mean, this guy is having like a Lord of the Rings level style temptation.
120
He just couldn't.
121
The ring was too powerful.
122
Null references is, in fact, the power of Sauron.
123
Simply because it was so easy to implement.
124
This had led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last 40 years.
125
The real question is, how costly was the Null Pointer decision?
126
Well, first off, as a student at MSU Go Bobcats, I will tell you that I spent many a day trying to debug damn null references.
127
Okay, so emotionally, it was like a billion dollars just for me.
128
But I think
129
that you can recall a time just a couple years ago
130
where the world's largest outage could be traced back to a null reference.
131
One of the most famous ones was from June 12, 2025 from Google Cloud.
132
Effectively, all it was was they just didn't check for a null pointer.
133
And of course, null pointer happened.
134
API and auth went down and then globally everything just did not work.
135
And of course this went on for about seven and a half hours until the fix was fully rolled out.
136
There's just something that tickles me that I find so funny about this entire situation in which
137
Tony Hoare over here, he just wanted to be able to create a type safe language
138
that was absolutely safe with all references and ends up creating the greatest debacle that we're still recovering from to this day.
139
The reality probably is that
140
if he did not invent it somebody else would have just like the AI race really
141
it's just like the exact same thing
142
but at the end of the day it is attributed to him
143
and his algo w work
144
now one of his largest contributions to the field of computer science would be communicating sequential processes
145
now I'm just going to demonstrate a quick example of what this means in practice by showing
146
you a little bit of code
147
and go now I know a lot of you are rust boys out there
148
and you're probably a little upset
149
that I'm using go just just just walk with me because it's the simplest all right so we have two processes here.
150
We have this outer process, which creates a channel, waits on the channel, and then prints out the message it gets from a channel.
151
We have a second process that's going to do some work
152
and then ultimately hand that work out in which I'm calling Hello World.
153
So that means we create the channel in process one.
154
Process two is going to just start executing.
155
Process one now is just going to be waiting.
156
It's going to be waiting synchronously until process two communicates.
157
This is a very important part of communicating sequential processes.
158
Then finally, when the work is done in process two and we can now communicate,
159
now process one receives the message and is able to move forward.
160
So one of the core ideas of CSP is that communication is a synchronous handshake.
161
And as you can see right there, process one had to wait until process two communicated.
162
So both process two and one have to wait for each other because the communication is synchronous.
163
Now, obviously, you can get around this by creating buffers.
164
That way process two can theoretically send more messages.
165
But the simple idea is that all processes have to communicate in a synchronous handshake.
166
That processes are units of behavior and do not share variables.
167
Now, I know in that
168
Go example, I did do a little bit of sharing, but we can just ignore it for now.
169
Again, I'm just explaining this in the most simple and obvious practical terms, not really in the calculus side of things.
170
You can go look up the calculus
171
and how events are supposed to be instantaneous
172
and how.. receivers are supposed to have an alphabet in which they are the type of events that they receive.
173
If you've ever done any elixir, this probably sounds pretty dang familiar to the actor pattern because, well, I mean, it is.
174
So at the end of the day, Tony Hoare's contributions to computer science have been actually quite a bit more than I even threw out there.
175
I didn't even talk about Quick Select and some of his statistical algorithms
176
that he helped accomplish his practical work on the Algol compiler.
177
Much like his predecessor, Edgar Dykstra, who also was a recipient of the Programmer of the Month Award,
178
he has a few banger quotes that I'd like to read for you.
179
When he thought and talked about ALGOL 60, he said the following,
180
Here's a language so far ahead of its time that it was not only an improvement on its predecessor,
181
but also nearly on all of its successors.
182
The man had a way with words.
183
There are two ways of constructing software design.
184
One way is to make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies,
185
and the other way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious deficiencies.
186
The first method is far more difficult.
187
Oh my gosh, the man can see around corners if he, he was, he technically did die this year in March,
188
but I'm sure he saw some of what the AI was doing, and I wonder what he thought about this right here,
189
and just the massive amounts of code we have produced.
190
Later in Tony Hoare's career, he received the second most honorable distinction, being knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, which is why we actually call him
191
Sir Tony Hoare.
192
Of course, if you didn't know, Program of the Month being the most important designation one can possibly get.
193
Now, I did not get to all of Tony Hoare's amazing accomplishments and the things that he had done.
194
I didn't even talk about Quick Select.
195
I didn't even talk about all the cool work he really did on Algo W
196
or about his unifying theory of programming or the philosopher's dining, which, by the way, the dining philosopher's problem, Pretty gross that they're sharing silverware, okay?
197
I didn't even want to talk about it because it's unsanitary.
198
But at the end of the day, Tony Hoare's influence will be felt for a very, very, very long time.
199
And it's quite obvious he deserves
200
Programmer of the Month.
201
So here's to you, Sir Tony Hoare, Programmer of the Month.
202
The name is the Primogen.
Scarica l'app
Tutto ciò che serve per parlare fluentemente
Pronuncia con IAVoto per ogni frase
Pratica IPAPadroneggia ogni suono
VocabolarioCostruisci il tuo lessico
Gioco di vocabolarioImpara giocando
📺 Stesso Canale
C11
Go’s Big Mistake
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
People Are Mad They're Told to Learn
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Maybe we were wrong
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
You won't fall behind
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
He’s always wrong
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C27
Github are you joking?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Casey Muratori Judges Our Digging Games | TheStandup
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
✨ Video consigliato
C11
40 frasi
The Engineering that Runs the Digital World 🛠️⚙️💻 How do CPUs Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
215 frasi
Creator of C# and TypeScript: "AI will NEVER Replace Coders, Here's Why" | Anders Hejlsberg
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
65 frasi
Did Anthropic Kill Git?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
63 frasi
A $6.3 billion open-weight model just got embarrassed by the French...
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
68 frasi
GitHub Copilot now controls your command line...
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
182 frasi
We Let $200 GPT-Pro Think for 7 Days on Unsolved Math
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
186 frasi
Learn Java in 14 Minutes (seriously)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
151 frasi
We've got separation of concerns wrong
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C132 frasi
Linus Torvalds Explains What Makes Linux So Fast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
205 frasi
The Man Who Stole MySpace | Samy
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
260 frasi
【TED】優れたリーダーはどうやって行動を促すか/サイモン・シネック （日本語字幕）
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “He Realized his Mistake”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: Tony, process, null, reference. Questo video contiene 202 frasi e 2382 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 12:14. Chi parla va veloce, circa 195 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 81% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| algorithm sostantivo | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | algoritmo |
| communicate verbo | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | comunicare, informare |
| implement verbo | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | mettere in pratica, attuare |
| element sostantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | elemento |
| programmer sostantivo | /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/ | programmatore, programmatrice |
| pointer sostantivo | /ˈpɔɪn.təɹ/ | bacchetta |
| contribution sostantivo | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | contributo |
| knight sostantivo | /ˈnaɪ̯t/ | cavaliere |
| trace sostantivo | /tɹeɪs/ | orma |
| practical aggettivo | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | pratico |
| statistical aggettivo | /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/ | statistico |
| successor sostantivo | /səkˈsɛsɚ/ | successore, succeditrice |
| globally avverbio | /ˈɡloʊbəli/ | globalmente |
| predecessor sostantivo | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/ | predecessore, antecessore |
| attribute sostantivo | /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ | attributo, caratteristica |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire | |
| draw out verbo | prolungare | |
| throw out verbo | /ˈθɹəʊ ˌaʊt/ | buttare via, rigettare |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- Let's just put it this way.
- Okay, so you're probably thinking, what's the big deal?
- I don't know what six pence is.
- I mean, we're talking about null references here, people.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | have been logged · was caused · was skipped |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have been logged · have laid · has been honored |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | dollars, which means · crashes, which have |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 35 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come didn't, don't, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/, authorization /ˌɔːθəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, temptation /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, shell /ʃɛl/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/, predecessor /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, hilarious /hɪˈlɛə.ɹi.əs/, handshake /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/, element /ˈɛləmənt/, knight /ˈnaɪ̯t/, trace /tɹeɪs/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, attribute /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/, calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come algorithm, communicate, implement.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.