シャドーイング練習: AEE - Can You Use “Yet” With Past Simple Tense? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
Hello, Lindsay.
2
How are you?
3
Hey, I'm doing good, Aubrey.
4
Have you been watching any movies lately?
5
Yes, I went to, I know we talked about the Odyssey, which is very loud.
6
My suggestion is to wear earplugs or noise counseling headphones.
7
It's such a loud movie, but I'm curious if you, did you see
8
Project Hail Mary yet?
9
Oh, we talked about it before, believe it or not.
10
Yes, I did.
11
I did see it.
12
What'd you think?
13
I saw it over the weekend.
14
I liked it.
15
I liked it.
16
It's, you know, it's not my kind of movie necessarily, right?
17
Like, um, other kinds of kinds of movie.
18
It's kind of like sci -fi ish, but I liked the premise.
19
I thought that was really interesting.
20
And I thought
21
Rocky was really cute.
22
I might've overhyped it for you.
23
Anyone out there listening is probably like, we're not surprised.
24
Lindsay didn't love it.
25
Aubrey hyped it so much.
26
So I apologize for anyone out there.
27
If I overhyped it too much, I loved it.
28
Yeah, no, but yeah, I liked it and my partner really liked it.
29
So I think there was something there.
30
There was something there.
31
I'm glad you saw it.
32
And I wanted to ask about it because this is really interesting.
33
We're getting into the difference of if I could say, did you see
34
Project Hail Mary yet?
35
Or what I need to say, have you seen
36
Project Hail Mary yet?
37
And use Present Perfect.
38
This is so interesting.
39
I'm excited to dive into this.
40
I know.
41
And if our listeners might be feeling a bit of deja vu at this moment, it's not deja vu, guys.
42
This is something brand new.
43
This is a follow -up episode to a recent episode of the Business English Podcast.
44
So that's perfect.
45
So by the way, if you don't know what the Business English Podcast is, open your search bar, type in Business English and hit follow.
46
We publish over there three days a week, right, Aubrey?
47
Yes.
48
And we'll often do a series where we have part one or two there and part of it here,
49
because a lot often with questions we get or vocabulary that we're covering, it would be a little different at work or here.
50
And so you really need both to get the full story.
51
Yes, 100%.
52
So over there on Business English, in that episode, we dove into the grammar of past simple versus present perfect,
53
kind of a very straightforward question, right?
54
From one of our listeners that will mention that now, pretty straightforward, clear, we made it very clear to you the difference between the two.
55
But today's going to be a little bit more on the edges, right?
56
This is really interesting.
57
You can definitely listen to these out of order.
58
So stay to the end.
59
We'll give you details to make sure that you don't miss that episode.
60
But if you finish today and you're like, I really want a deeper dive into like why past simple or present perfect,
61
you'll definitely want to go and check out that part one of this series.
62
Yeah.
63
So the student that inspired the original episode was from YouTube.
64
This is Jess.
65
And I'm going to read just part of Jess's question here.
66
So you can know, gets a little context guys of how we're going to answer this today.
67
So we answered it in one way last week and we'll answer it in one way today.
68
All right.
69
All right.
70
Here it is.
71
In the role play, you said, did you finish your report yet?
72
It sounded strange to me.
73
I would have said, have you finished your report yet?
74
Could you explain this?
75
Maybe it's a colloquial use of the past simple.
76
Thank you.
77
I appreciate your work so much.
78
Yeah.
79
So this is going to be really interesting.
80
Be sure to follow
81
Business English and All There's English Podcast so you don't miss these series.
82
But this is really interesting because it's all about the word yet here, right?
83
When yet is placed at the end of a sentence, it functions as an adverb.
84
Usually means until now or so far.
85
And we usually do hear it with present perfect.
86
I agree with this student.
87
I would usually hear, have you finished your report yet?
88
And it does sound a little like, hmm, why are we using past simple?
89
And yet we're saying yet.
90
Yeah, because I think that's the way it's taught.
91
That's kind of the textbook way to use it, right?
92
Yet is, I think our listeners were probably taught in school, if you're using yet, you're probably using present perfect, right?
93
It's like a flag, a trigger, right?
94
But I mean, we're going to add a little nuance to that idea today.
95
Yeah.
96
It's not a grammar error.
97
It's not ungrammatical to tack yet onto the end of past simple.
98
So we're going to dive into this today, but we also want to share, I want to make sure it's clear.
99
We use yet so many ways in English.
100
We do use it in, you know, past simple and past perfect.
101
Those aren't what we're focusing on today, but I want to give just an overview so that you're aware
102
that you're going to see it out there all of these different ways.
103
So past simple, for example, you might say, at that point, I didn't understand it yet.
104
And what about past perfect, Lindsay?
105
You could say, I hadn't eaten yet when she called.
106
Now, both of these phrases, yet is being used very strategically to give context.
107
Exactly.
108
Right?
109
Exactly.
110
So the learner here is asking about something else though.
111
So keep in mind, you are going to see yet as well when we're talking about the past like that.
112
But the learner is asking about statements that seem like they require present perfect, but native speakers often use past simple anyway.
113
So that's what we're diving into today. So some examples.
114
Have you finished your report yet?
115
Here we're obviously using present perfect with yet.
116
Exactly.
117
So we're looking at what the listener, these examples the listener shared first, that present perfect one.
118
Have you finished your report yet?
119
We want to look at like, why would a native speaker say one or the other, right?
120
This is more likely to be asked if we haven't spoken about it yet, or we don't know or expect a specific answer, right?
121
Then we're going to use present perfect.
122
We don't have any kind of anticipation about what the answer might be.
123
So it makes sense to use present perfect.
124
It's all about what you have done or haven't done yet, but still might do.
125
So present perfect makes sense.
126
But what about past simple?
127
Yeah.
128
So did you finish your report yet?
129
Is basically using the past simple, did you finish your report?
130
And then slapping on a yet to the end.
131
So what is the implication here, Aubrey?
132
How's it different?
133
Yeah.
134
And it is, this is subtle nuance, you guys, but there is this implication that we've spoken been mad about it before,
135
or there's some kind of understanding or expectation that it has been completed.
136
And this is very subtle.
137
There is a chance native speakers would just tack yet onto past simple, and they're not really thinking that through.
138
They're not thinking, I want to make sure that I'm implying that I expect this to be done.
139
It's more subtle than that, right?
140
But when someone hears this question, have you done that yet versus did you do that yet?
141
They're likely going to feel this a little bit of an implication of, oh, one of these is implying that it's expected that it's done.
142
Yep.
143
It's very, very subtle, but it could be there.
144
And I agree with you too.
145
Sometimes native speakers will just slap the simple pass plus that yet.
146
You know, they'll just, they'll maybe intend to use the present perfect
147
and then they'll put it in simple pass and include the yet.
148
Yeah.
149
So that's why it's so subtle.
150
You can't read too much into this, right?
151
Yeah.
152
Don't read too much into it.
153
Totally.
154
So let's go a little deeper, Aubrey.
155
Tell us more.
156
Yeah.
157
So let's dive into the structure here and some more examples because we use this and, you know, whatever we're talking about, this could happen.
158
So for example, so we're starting with the present perfect.
159
If we have present perfect plus yet, this is the most common.
160
And the grammar is you just have have or has with the past participle.
161
So a couple examples.
162
I haven't seen that TV show yet.
163
Right.
164
So I'm using present perfect.
165
There's this little bit of an implication that like it definitely could still happen.
166
Right.
167
Or in our conversation, you mentioned
168
Project Hail Mary last weekend.
169
And then maybe we could have just synced up today.
170
Did you see
171
Hail Mary yet?
172
Because you would expect it to have happened.
173
Right?
174
Right.
175
Exactly.
176
That's a really good example.
177
That's why I wanted to use that example.
178
Because we had talked about it before, it made sense for me to ask it the way I did.
179
Because I was sort of expecting a certain answer.
180
Like, I've spoken about this so many times.
181
You should have seen it by now.
182
Right.
183
You get tired of saying, have you seen it yet?
184
Have you seen it?
185
Right.
186
Did you see it yet?
187
Come on.
188
Yeah.
189
That's a good point that sometimes we're saying we're using it that way in past simple for emphasis, right?
190
Did you see that yet?
191
And we're going to change our tone too.
192
Like we're adding more expectation.
193
That's true too.
194
Or let's say broadly, have you eaten lunch yet?
195
Right.
196
Yeah.
197
And it makes sense.
198
Present perfect here it naturally connects a past action to now with this open idea of like, it's not too late.
199
Let's still connects to the present.
200
We could still do that right now.
201
Right.
202
And then moving on to past simple, it's subtle, but it is different, right?
203
If we have past simple plus yet, this is when you expect something to be done by now,
204
but there's a chance that hasn't been, of course.
205
Right.
206
So the grammar for this is did with the base verb.
207
So for example, did you check out that gym yet?
208
And this is where it's interesting because I really wouldn't ask it
209
that way if we had never talked about it before, right?
210
I might be like, have, you know, have you considered going to a gym?
211
Have you ever gone to a gym?
212
Right.
213
But if we've talked about it before, it makes sense to say, oh, did you check out that gym that we spoke about?
214
Right.
215
I also, I think some of this could also be based on country too.
216
I feel like I hear have a lot more in British culture, British English.
217
I think in American English, we have a bit of a bias towards the simple past.
218
So it could be that, like I said before, Americans just want to use the simple past,
219
not the present perfect, but they also want to communicate a bit of a present perfect vibe.
220
So they add yet.
221
That's really interesting.
222
Which makes it even more confusing, right?
223
If you have friends that are British English speakers and American English speakers, the grammar could be different.
224
The grammar they tend to use could be different, which would make it even more confusing.
225
Sure, for sure.
226
Why?
227
Or you could say, you could say, you might hear, I didn't run errands yet, right?
228
So this is okay to say.
229
It's just.. it's just a little bit of a slightly different, or maybe we're just, like I said, aiming for present perfect, but using simple past.
230
Yeah.
231
Interesting.
232
The slight, slight difference.
233
I would say this if we've talked about it, like earlier I told you I was going to run errands.
234
And so now I'm going to say, Oh, I didn't run errands yet.
235
But if we haven't talked about it before ever, then it would make more sense to use present perfect.
236
I haven't run errands.
237
I was going a lot of sense.
238
The recency of the topic really matters here.
239
Yeah, definitely.
240
Hey, quick question.
241
Do you want to feel more confident when you speak English?
242
If so, we made a free guide for you.
243
It'll help you avoid those common mistakes and start speaking more naturally in real conversations.
244
Go grab it in the description below.
245
And if this is helpful for you, make sure that you like and subscribe.
246
We're here five times a week to help you connect in English.
247
All right, Aubrey, we are back in action.
248
Let's go for a role play.
249
Shall we do it?
250
Yeah, let's do it.
251
I'm hosting a get together here and you just arrived.
252
I'll start us out.
253
All right.
254
Okay.
255
Have you eaten yet?
256
There's still plenty of food if you're hungry.
257
I haven't.
258
No. Okay.
259
Thanks.
260
Oh, Sarah's here.
261
Did you meet her yet?
262
Oh, no, I didn't.
263
Is she the one talking to Mike?
264
Yes, I think they broke up.
265
I actually didn't know that yet when I invited them both.
266
Oh, okay, drama.
267
Yeah, exactly.
268
And it's really interesting how yet is what makes this so interesting, right?
269
And it's like you said, depending on where you live, people might not tack yet onto a past simple phrase, but Americans do it.
270
You don't want to let it confuse you.
271
So, um, but yeah, it's interesting to go through these and, and, and look at why did we add yet there?
272
Right.
273
Yeah.
274
So this is sometimes someone, something someone might say when you're hosting a party and someone arrives, you might, you know, cause you're offering food, right?
275
Have you eaten yet?
276
Um, right.
277
Yes, exactly.
278
Especially if there are like snacks and it's interesting that we're using present perfect, right?
279
So because assuming you just got to the party, I would be less likely to say, did you eat yet?
280
Because that feels like it would imply that, you know, we had talked about it before,
281
like present perfect just makes more sense here where I have no information.
282
I have no expectation about what your answer would be.
283
Right.
284
We haven't seen each other all day.
285
You have no idea what my meal has meal eating has been like today.
286
So there you go.
287
That makes more sense.
288
Have you eaten yet?
289
Um, and then I said, I haven't.
290
No, thanks.
291
And then you said, Oh, Sarah's here.
292
Did you meet her yet?
293
Yeah.
294
And this is interesting to think about, right?
295
If we said, have you met her yet?
296
That's where there's no expectation.
297
So here there would kind of be an assumption that you
298
and I have maybe talked about Sarah and I'm excited for you to meet her maybe, right?
299
So I'm like, oh, did you meet her yet?
300
Or maybe that you, that I had already met her in the party and before I saw you, right?
301
Maybe greeted me, maybe walking in the door we met.
302
Yes, Exactly.
303
Right.
304
So this is interesting because both are possible.
305
It's all about context.
306
Neither of them are grammatically wrong to say, have you met her yet?
307
Did you meet her yet?
308
Right.
309
They both could work.
310
It depends on the subtle implication of what you're implying or what you expect.
311
And then here's what you expect.
312
And then here's a question, Aubrey, kind of spontaneous.
313
Would it be okay for me to just say, oh no, I haven't.
314
I mean, what do you think?
315
Does it really have to match?
316
I mean, in everyday native English, I'm trying to think that's a really good point here too.
317
I think when, when people are speaking, they don't, they're not really careful to match verb tense like that.
318
If you say to me, did you meet her yet?
319
And then I could be like, I haven't actually.
320
No, it doesn't matter.
321
Especially for conversational English.
322
Yeah.
323
We're not paying that close attention to the verb tense the other person's using.
324
No, because again, connection, right?
325
We're focusing on human connection.
326
That's So it matters in that moment, being open to meeting that new person,
327
greeting the host, showing that you appreciate that there's food there for you.
328
These are all really important connection moments.
329
Exactly.
330
And these are interchangeable enough that a native speaker wouldn't even feel the difference there, right?
331
Because present perfect, past simple doesn't change that much.
332
So both would definitely work.
333
Yes.
334
Okay.
335
What's the last thing you said, Aubrey?
336
And then I said, I actually didn't know that yet when I invited them both.
337
So I've invited two people who recently broke up, but I'm saying I didn't know that yet when I invited them.
338
So I can use past simple here for sure.
339
And this is actually the past perfect, right?
340
This is a question that happened in the past.
341
I didn't know that yet when that happened.
342
Yeah, I guess simple past plus yet, right?
343
So we talked about this earlier in the episode where we talked about we're orienting the person into the past, right?
344
Of what was known at the time that something happened.
345
So it's really two steps back, right?
346
Exactly is what we're doing here.
347
Yeah.
348
Interesting.
349
All right.
350
So good stuff.
351
So clearly, uh, we're breaking some rules over here, right.
352
In everyday spoken American English, uh, compared to what our listeners learned in the textbook.
353
Is it okay though?
354
I think it's okay.
355
Definitely.
356
That's an interesting way to put it as like, if you learned something, you know, in a textbook and it felt like a really strong rule,
357
um, then it's confusing when native speakers don't follow it.
358
Right.
359
It might seem like they're breaking rules, but a lot of things like this aren't really official rules, right?
360
None of this is really a mistake.
361
The only rule again is to focus on connection.
362
Guys go over to business English 637 did or have that is approaching this exact question, but from a slightly different perspective.
363
So we're sort of answering a different question in that episode.
364
Exactly.
365
So that's part one.
366
You could get a deeper dive there into why do we choose past simple or present perfect?
367
So yeah, but it's still, Well, if this is a fun way to handle grammar, when we get these interesting questions,
368
students who are paying attention to the grammar, recognizing native speakers that are doing something unexpected, then it's fun to dive into why,
369
what about the connection changes, what's implied depending on the verb tense you use.
370
Yes, really good topic.
371
Aubrey, final takeaway on grammar rules, breaking grammar rules, different versions of grammar rules, right?
372
Like you said, Lindsay, the connection's the most important thing, right?
373
Don't worry about the grammar and what exactly does this imply imply.
374
Don't let that stop you from starting a conversation and holding you back.
375
Love it.
376
All right.
377
Good stuff today, Aubrey.
378
I'll see you back here very soon.
379
You have a good day.
380
Awesome.
381
See you next time.
382
Bye.
383
Bye.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「AEE - Can You Use “Yet” With Past Simple Tense?」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：perfect, present, simple, interesting, English。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が38文、単語が3300語あります。 音声の長さは16:40です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約198語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。 全38文のうち79文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| grammar 名詞 | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | 文法 |
| dive 動詞 | /daɪv/ | 潜る |
| imply 動詞 | /ɪmˈplaɪ/ | ほのめかす |
| listener 名詞 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 聞き手, 聴取者 |
| invite 動詞 | /ɪnˈvaɪt/ | 誘う, 招待する |
| expectation 名詞 | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | 期待, 予想 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 |
| confuse 動詞 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 混乱させる |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 依存する |
| podcast 名詞 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | ポッドキャスト |
| tense 名詞 | /tɛns/ | 時制 |
| textbook 名詞 | /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ | 教科書, テキスト |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 話題, テーマ |
| meal 名詞 | /ˈmiːl/ | 食事, めし |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Have you been watching any movies lately?
- Have you seen it already?
- Did you see it yet?
- Did you see that yet?
- Did you meet her yet?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | Have you finished · haven't spoken · have done |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is placed · were probably taught · be asked |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | Odyssey, which is · people who recently · students who are |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, I'm, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を112回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, broadly /ˈbɹɔːdli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: dive /daɪv/, invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/, verb /vɝb/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。grammar, dive, implyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。