シャドーイング練習: Good communicator secrets nobody tells you - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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153 文
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The losers, the conversations that produced the worst connection, the most awkwardness were, what do you do?
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Why?
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So these last two, how are you and what do you do?
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They're very socially scripted, right?
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The moment we ask those questions, our brain goes into autopilot.
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So there's a lack, it's more of a performance.
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There's a lack of excitement in the conversation.
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And they ran out of things to talk about.
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They're fact -based questions.
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And this is the trap of what we'll call level one conversation, which is you are trapped in fact.
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Where are you from? got any kids, married, the facts are dead ends, right?
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So it's very hard for someone to break out of that fact because they're stuck in that social script.
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The best conversation starter was actually a sneaker.
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I was like, well, interesting that this one did best by lot.
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It was, what was the highlight of your day?
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Now, what this question does psychologically, it sounds casual.
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Well, first of all, it's not too deep.
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A mistake that extroverts can make is they ask too deep, too quickly, right?
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They're like, what is your greatest goal in life?
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And you're like, I don't know you, right?
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So it's not too deep, but it's a subtle replacement for how are you.
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You're actually asking the other person's brain to search for optimism.
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You're literally inviting their brain to think like, what was good?
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And then they think, well, highlighted my day.
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So one, we just broke autopilot.
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The moment someone goes, oh, and they're thinking for the first time, their brain goes, ooh, we get to do something new.
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So they got to think of something new, and it was immediate.
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It wasn't like a too big of a question.
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The second question was, have anything exciting you're working on?
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This is kind of a subtle replacement for what do you do, right?
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If someone likes what they do, they're going to talk about it, but they're going to reframe it in something exciting.
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And if someone isn't defined by what they do, they're going to share something better.
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The third question, very, very simple, was do you have any fun plans coming up?
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These questions, the first three, are literally searching for good.
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You're inviting the other person to only think about good things and we're juicing excitement from other parts of their life.
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Now the fourth question, this fourth question, people either loved it or they hated it.
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They either gave it a five, that was like the most connective thing I felt all week,
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or a zero, and a zero wasn't even an option on my scale.
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It was the question, what's your story?
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Extroverts tend to default to that question because they want to go a little bit deeper.
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But actually, that is a level three question.
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It is way too advanced.
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For someone who's introverted or someone who has never framed their story that quickly, they're immediately put into cortisol.
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They're immediately put into fight or flight.
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They're like, what's my story?
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How can I give that to you so quickly?
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So you're by accident putting them into conversational fear.
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This is when I realized there's a hierarchy.
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Dr. Dan McAdams found that conversation is actually not as fluid as we would like to think
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that actually when we're trying to connect with someone else, we are trying to move through three distinct levels.
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Level one is called general traits.
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This is why in those first few minutes, you're basically trying to Google fact check someone.
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Like, where are you from?
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What do you do?
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Married.
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Where do you live in LA?
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Right?
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Like you're trying to ask all those questions because there's a sort of social hierarchy.
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Our brain processes social facts from least intimate to most intimate.
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So we cannot get to know someone on their deepest dreams and worries if we don't know the basic facts about them.
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So that is why we often fall into that trap of those fact -based questions.
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The key here is that really good level one question is taking those facts but adding story, but adding emotion.
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So the best way to do level one better is you're swapping out those bad questions, right?
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How are you?
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What do you do?
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With looking for a story.
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I truly believe a fact is a stop sign.
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A story is a doorway.
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Okay, so one of them, we actually can place it on here, is what's your personal passion project, okay?
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Now, what's your personal passion project is actually a hunt for stories, right?
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And would you open with that?
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Is that what you're saying?
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Or is it doesn't really matter?
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It has to come.
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It can come in the first few minutes.
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Now, I probably wouldn't walk into a room and be like, what's your personal passion project, Stephen?
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Right?
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It's a little bit much.
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We have to do our basic first impression, and we can talk about, you know, first 10 words in a little bit.
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But as an opener question, it's better than how are you.
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And I have to pause here and say, everything I'm going to share takes a little bit of conversational courage.
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It's really safe to ask how are you.
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It's really safe to ask what do you do.
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But if you want to be memorable, if you want to actually spark connection, those won't serve you.
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So it does take a little bit of courage to ask this, but the answers you're going to get are incredibly interesting.
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You're going to get stories.
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You're going to get a hint at values.
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If you want to know if they're married or have kids, they probably will tell you by accident.
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So it's like a hunt for stories.
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Same with, I mentioned this one in the study, so working on anything exciting these days.
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This is, again, one of my favorite swap questions because you're hunting for something good.
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Now, when I think about conversation in level one, you're trying to gift someone a chemical cocktail.
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a little bit.
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And I think in level one, these two questions are doing a lot of heavy lifting.
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They are now competing with your feed.
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I went to a PTA meeting recently, and those are torture, if you've ever been to one for any parents watching.
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What's a PTA meeting?
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Oh, a parent -teacher meeting.
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Okay.
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Right.
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So a bunch of other parents in the room.
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And I wanted to go meet other moms because I just moved across the country to try to meet more people.
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And I was excited.
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I was like, Okay, I'm going to meet more moms.
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Here we go.
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And I walk in the room and everyone's scrolling.
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Everyone's on their feed.
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And I realize, wow, conversation now is not just about a way for me to make friends.
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It actually has to compete with that feed.
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I have to make my questions and my answers so dopamine worthy that they're actually going to beat that feed.
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Otherwise, they're going to go right back to their phone.
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That is why these have to do more lifting because if I want to compete with the feed, I have to produce dopamine,
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a little bit of excitement, a little bit of motivation.
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I also have to create what I would call, forgive me for this word, but conversational confetti.
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This is like, we got to lift a little bit more in our conversations
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because otherwise someone's going to go right back to scrolling.
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Their brain is somewhere else.
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Either their brain is in their email list or their brain is on their feed.
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When I was studying amazing conversationalists, one of the one people I studied is Howard Stern.
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So however you feel about Howard Stern, he is a master conversationalist.
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I mean, he can carry on long, very interesting.
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He gets people to say things that I could never imagine.
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So I analyzed thousands of transcripts of his interviews, and I found one pattern.
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He does a very good job of creating information gaps.
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So he'll say, what's the weirdest thing you've ever done?
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Or he'll say, the most surprising thing that happened to me yesterday, you want to hear what it was?
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And your brain doesn't like not knowing.
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So when it hears the most surprising, the weirdest, the biggest, the worst, the most embarrassing, the brain creates this gap.
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Like it's this information gap where the brain is like, I have to know what is the weirdest thing.
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So also what happens with these kinds of questions is we're creating these little information gaps
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and actually saying and using in conversation these phrases is a way that we can create more intrigue and interest.
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And I know that sounds like, what?
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But think about this.
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If something crazy happened to you yesterday and you walk into dinner
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and you're like guys the craziest thing happened to me yesterday everyone's like phones down right
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now I couldn't say something boring
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I couldn't be like I was stuck in traffic yeah unless you want to be funny
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but I think that looking for opportunities to create
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that little bit of conversational confetti they come up with questions like this this is the last one
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so have any fun plans coming up
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now the reason why this one is important I agonized over this over this third question
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because there's three questions for each level is have any fun
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plans coming up is a subtle way to bring up potential shared future psychologically speaking we bond with someone
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when we feel like we could do something fun with them
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or they're doing something fun that i would also like to do i think
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that part of these questions is being known for asking better questions like being known for searching for hunting
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or hunting for excitement because what happen is with people who know you at work
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or your work friends or outside of work friends is they'll bring these things to you.
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They know that you're going to ask out personal passions.
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So next time you get to say, hey, last time we were talking, you mentioned XYZ.
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How's that going?
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So they also become your callbacks.
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They make conversation easier later.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Good communicator secrets nobody tells you」を教材にしています。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が153文、単語が1728語あります。 音声の長さは8:37です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約201語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。 全153文のうち36文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| passion 名詞 | /ˈpæʃən/ | 激情 |
| compete 動詞 | /kəmˈpiːt/ | 争う, 競う |
| trap 名詞 | /tɹæp/ | 罠 |
| gap 名詞 | /ɡæp/ | 間隙, ずれ |
| replacement 名詞 | /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ | 代替 |
| script 名詞 | /skɹɪpt/ | 文書, 文章 |
| courage 名詞 | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇気, 度胸 |
| invite 動詞 | /ɪnˈvaɪt/ | 誘う, 招待する |
| highlight 動詞 | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | ハイライト |
| swap 動詞 | /ˈswɑp/ | 取り替える, 交換する |
| scroll 名詞 | /skɹoʊl/ | 巻物, スクロール |
| hierarchy 名詞 | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | 階層, 序列 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| juice 名詞 | /d͡ʒuːs/ | 汁, 樹液 |
| impression 名詞 | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | 印象 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| come up 動詞 | 上がる, 登る |
| bring up 動詞 | 育てる |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- It was, what was the highlight of your day?
- They're like, what is your greatest goal in life?
- It was the question, what's your story?
- They're like, what's my story?
- Is that what you're saying?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are trapped · isn't defined · is called |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has never framed · you've ever been · you've ever done |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | conversation, which is · someone who has · people who know |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, they're, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を54回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: passion /ˈpæʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/, scroll /skɹoʊl/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, memorable /ˈmɛm.(ə)ɹə.bl̩/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/, forgive /fɚˈɡɪv/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, conversationalist /ˌkɑːnvɚˈseɪʃənəlɪst/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: define /dɪˈfaɪn/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, default /dɪˈfɔlt/, forgive /fɚˈɡɪv/, fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。passion, compete, trapなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。