シャドーイング練習: IELTS Cambridge Book 15 Listening Test 4 Part 3 Questions with Audioscripts - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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IELTS 15.

Test 4.

Part 3.

You will hear two students of social history called Annie and Jack discussing their presentation about refrigeration.

OK, Jack.

Before we plan our presentation about refrigeration, let's discuss what we've discovered so far.

Fine, Annie.

Though I have to admit I haven't done much research yet. Nor me.

But I found an interesting article about ice houses.

I'd seen some 18th and 19th century ones here in the UK, so I knew they were often built in a shady area or underground,

close to lakes that might freeze in the winter.

Then blocks of ice could be cut and stored in the ice house.

But I didn't realise that insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust meant they didn't melt for months.

The ancient Romans had refrigeration too.

I didn't know that.

Yes.

Pits were dug in the ground and snow was imported from the mountains, even though they were at quite a distance.

The snow was stored in the pits.

Ice formed at the bottom of it.

Both the ice and the snow were then sold.

The ice cost more than the snow, and my guess is that only the wealthy members of society could afford it.

I wouldn't be surprised.

I also came across an article about modern domestic fridges.

Several different technologies are used, but they were too complex for me to understand.

You have to wonder what happens when people get rid of old ones.

You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?

Exactly.

At least there are now plenty of organisations that will recycle most of the components safely.

But of course, some people just dump old fridges in the countryside.

It's hard to see how they can be stopped, unfortunately.

In the UK, we get rid of three million a year altogether.

That sounds a lot.

Especially because fridges hardly ever break down.

That's right.

In this country we keep domestic fridges for eleven years on average, and a lot lasts for twenty or more.

So if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, they're not expensive, compared with some household appliances.

True.

I suppose manufacturers encourage people to spend more by making them different colours and designs.

I'm sure when my parents bought their first fridge, they had hardly any choice.

Yes, there's been quite a change.

Right, let's make a list of topics to cover in our presentation and decide who's going to do more research on them.

Then later we can get together and plan the next step.

OK.

How about starting with how useful refrigeration is,

and the range of goods that are refrigerated nowadays because of course it's not just food and drinks.

No, I suppose flowers and medicines are refrigerated too. And computers.

I could do that, unless you particularly want to.

No, that's fine by me.

What about the effects of refrigeration on people's health?

After all, some of the chemicals used in the 19th century were pretty harmful, but there have been lots of benefits too, like always having access to fresh food.

Do you fancy dealing with that?

I'm not terribly keen, to be honest.

Hmm, nor me.

My mind just goes blank when I read anything about chemicals.

Oh, all right then.

I'll do you a favour.

But you owe me, Jack.

OK.

What about the effects on food producers?

Like farmers in poorer countries being able to export their produce to developed countries.

Something for you, maybe?

I don't mind.

You should be quite interesting.

I think we should also look at how refrigeration has helped whole cities,

like Las Vegas, which couldn't exist without refrigeration because it's in the middle of a desert.

Right.

I had a quick look at an economics book in the library that's got a chapter about this sort of thing.

I could give you the title if you want to do this section?

Not particularly, to be honest.

I find economics books pretty heavy going as a rule.

OK, leave it to me then.

Thanks.

Then there's transport and the difference that refrigerated trucks have made.

I wouldn't mind having a go at that.

Don't forget trains too.

I read something about milk and butter being transported in refrigerated railroad cars in the USA right back in the 1840s.

I hadn't thought of trains, thanks.

Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges?

After all, they're something everyone's familiar with.

What about splitting it into two?

You could investigate 19th and 20th century fridges, and I'll concentrate on what's available these days,

and how manufacturers differentiate their products from those of their competitors.

OK, that'd suit me.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「IELTS Cambridge Book 15 Listening Test 4 Part 3 Questions with Audioscripts」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：fridge, refrigeration, ice, refrigerated, snow。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が83文、単語が785語あります。音声の長さは4:56です。話す速さは1分あたり約159語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
refrigeration 名詞		冷却, 冷凍
harmful 形容詞	/ˈhɑɹmfl̩/	有害な
appliance 名詞	/əˈplaɪ.əns/	器械, 機器
insulate 動詞	/ˈɪnsʊleɪt/	切り離す, 隔絶する
recycle 動詞	/ɹəˈsaɪkəl/	再生する, リサイクルする
differentiate 動詞	/dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/	分化する
competitor 名詞	/kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/	競争者
countryside 名詞	/ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/	田舎
melt 動詞	/mɛlt/	溶ける, 溶かす
straw 名詞	/stɹɔ/	藁, ワラ
concentrate 動詞	/ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/	集中させる
import 名詞	/ˈɪm.pɔɹt/	輸入品
nowadays 副詞	/ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/	現在, 現代では
freeze 動詞	/ˈfɹiːz/	凍る
divide 動詞	/dɪˈvaɪd/	分割する, 分ける

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
No, that's fine by me.
What about the effects of refrigeration on people's health?
Do you fancy dealing with that?
Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	were often built · could be cut · were dug
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	we've discovered · haven't done · there's been

注意したい発音

話し手はdidn't, don't, I'llなど、短縮形や弱形を19回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, shady /ˈʃeɪdi/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: refrigerate /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəɹeɪt/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。refrigeration, harmful, applianceなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: IELTS Cambridge Book 15 Listening Test 4 Part 3 Questions with Audioscripts - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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