Практика Shadowing: IELTS Cambridge Book 15 Listening Test 4 Part 3 Questions with Audioscripts - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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IELTS 15.
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Test 4.
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Part 3.
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You will hear two students of social history called Annie and Jack discussing their presentation about refrigeration.
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OK, Jack.
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Before we plan our presentation about refrigeration, let's discuss what we've discovered so far.
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Fine, Annie.
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Though I have to admit I haven't done much research yet. Nor me.
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But I found an interesting article about ice houses.
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I'd seen some 18th and 19th century ones here in the UK, so I knew they were often built in a shady area or underground,
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close to lakes that might freeze in the winter.
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Then blocks of ice could be cut and stored in the ice house.
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But I didn't realise that insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust meant they didn't melt for months.
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The ancient Romans had refrigeration too.
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I didn't know that.
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Yes.
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Pits were dug in the ground and snow was imported from the mountains, even though they were at quite a distance.
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The snow was stored in the pits.
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Ice formed at the bottom of it.
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Both the ice and the snow were then sold.
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The ice cost more than the snow, and my guess is that only the wealthy members of society could afford it.
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I wouldn't be surprised.
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I also came across an article about modern domestic fridges.
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Several different technologies are used, but they were too complex for me to understand.
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You have to wonder what happens when people get rid of old ones.
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You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
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Exactly.
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At least there are now plenty of organisations that will recycle most of the components safely.
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But of course, some people just dump old fridges in the countryside.
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It's hard to see how they can be stopped, unfortunately.
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In the UK, we get rid of three million a year altogether.
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That sounds a lot.
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Especially because fridges hardly ever break down.
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That's right.
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In this country we keep domestic fridges for eleven years on average, and a lot lasts for twenty or more.
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So if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, they're not expensive, compared with some household appliances.
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True.
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I suppose manufacturers encourage people to spend more by making them different colours and designs.
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I'm sure when my parents bought their first fridge, they had hardly any choice.
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Yes, there's been quite a change.
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Right, let's make a list of topics to cover in our presentation and decide who's going to do more research on them.
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Then later we can get together and plan the next step.
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OK.
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How about starting with how useful refrigeration is,
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and the range of goods that are refrigerated nowadays because of course it's not just food and drinks.
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No, I suppose flowers and medicines are refrigerated too. And computers.
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I could do that, unless you particularly want to.
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No, that's fine by me.
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What about the effects of refrigeration on people's health?
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After all, some of the chemicals used in the 19th century were pretty harmful, but there have been lots of benefits too, like always having access to fresh food.
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Do you fancy dealing with that?
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I'm not terribly keen, to be honest.
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Hmm, nor me.
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My mind just goes blank when I read anything about chemicals.
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Oh, all right then.
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I'll do you a favour.
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But you owe me, Jack.
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OK.
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What about the effects on food producers?
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Like farmers in poorer countries being able to export their produce to developed countries.
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Something for you, maybe?
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I don't mind.
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You should be quite interesting.
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I think we should also look at how refrigeration has helped whole cities,
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like Las Vegas, which couldn't exist without refrigeration because it's in the middle of a desert.
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Right.
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I had a quick look at an economics book in the library that's got a chapter about this sort of thing.
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I could give you the title if you want to do this section?
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Not particularly, to be honest.
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I find economics books pretty heavy going as a rule.
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OK, leave it to me then.
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Thanks.
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Then there's transport and the difference that refrigerated trucks have made.
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I wouldn't mind having a go at that.
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Don't forget trains too.
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I read something about milk and butter being transported in refrigerated railroad cars in the USA right back in the 1840s.
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I hadn't thought of trains, thanks.
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Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges?
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After all, they're something everyone's familiar with.
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What about splitting it into two?
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You could investigate 19th and 20th century fridges, and I'll concentrate on what's available these days,
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and how manufacturers differentiate their products from those of their competitors.
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OK, that'd suit me.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «IELTS Cambridge Book 15 Listening Test 4 Part 3 Questions with Audioscripts». Чаще всего повторяются слова: fridge, refrigeration, ice, refrigerated, snow. В этом видео 83 предложений и 785 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:56. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 159 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| refrigeration существительное | охлажде́ние | |
| refrigerate глагол | /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəɹeɪt/ | храни́ть в холоди́льнике |
| harmful прилагательное | /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ | вре́дный, вредоно́сный |
| appliance существительное | /əˈplaɪ.əns/ | приспособле́ние, прибо́р |
| insulate глагол | /ˈɪnsʊleɪt/ | изоли́ровать |
| recycle глагол | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | рециркули́ровать, перераба́тывать |
| differentiate глагол | /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/ | отличаться |
| shady прилагательное | /ˈʃeɪdi/ | тенистый |
| competitor существительное | /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/ | конкуре́нт, конкуре́нтка |
| terribly наречие | /ˈtɛɹ.ɪ.bli/ | ужа́сно, стра́шно |
| countryside существительное | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | се́льская ме́стность, дере́вня |
| melt глагол | /mɛlt/ | та́ять, раста́ять |
| straw существительное | /stɹɔ/ | соло́мина, соло́минка |
| concentrate глагол | /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ | концентри́ровать, сконцентри́ровать |
| altogether наречие | /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/ | всеце́ло, совсем |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| break down глагол | ломаться, сломаться |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
- No, that's fine by me.
- What about the effects of refrigeration on people's health?
- Do you fancy dealing with that?
- Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | were often built · could be cut · were dug |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | we've discovered · haven't done · there's been |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 19 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например didn't, don't, I'll. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, shady /ˈʃeɪdi/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: refrigerate /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəɹeɪt/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как refrigeration, refrigerate, harmful.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.