シャドーイング練習: Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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225 文
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Once you start making more money, the easiest mistake is upgrading the wrong things.
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You end up spending because you can afford it, but there is a better way to spend.
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I spent years on Wall Street and as a CEO making tough calls about money.
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So I learned these lessons by getting it wrong a lot.
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Your next dollar has four possible jobs, Four categories worth upgrading immediately.
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And the last one has the worst financial return.
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And that one matters the most.
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Money actually can buy you happiness.
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Just not the way we think.
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In 2010, Nobel Prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman suggested that happiness has a ceiling.
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According to his research, when you reach $75 ,000 a year, more money doesn't seem to improve your day -to -day emotional well -being.
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And for more than a decade, everyone quoted that number.
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Except that it turns out we were all reading it wrong.
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So in 2023, Kahneman teamed up with another researcher and they both arrived at a surprising conclusion.
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For most people, more money does keep making life better.
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But the relationship between money and happiness is not a straight line.
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Let's say you get X amount of lift in your happiness by going from 40 ,000 to $80 ,000.
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Now the same lift will happen only when you go from 80 ,000 to $160 ,000.
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And then if you want a similar lift once again, then you have to go from 160 to 320 thousand dollars.
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So it just takes more and more money to provide the same hit.
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It seems like money behaves just like any drug.
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The economic principle here is called diminishing marginal utility.
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The next dollar has to work harder than the last one because it's worth less to you.
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I love ice cream so I know this well.
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Your fifth ice cream cone won't give you the same pleasure as your first one.
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Believe me, I've tried.
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So being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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If your net worth rises while your self -worth falls, you're just rich on paper.
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We want to talk about where will my next dollar create the most additional value for me?
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Can the additional money buy back your health, your time, your attention?
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Can it increase your future earning potential?
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Can it make your relationships, your experiences, and your actual life richer?
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I call it the 4S framework.
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So let's use this framework to figure out what is actually worth upgrading and why.
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First, stamina.
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What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
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What would that do to your career?
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But that's exactly what happens to most of us who work hard.
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We just don't know it.
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In one of those landmark sleep studies,
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two sleep Sleep researchers in Australia kept people awake through the night and repeatedly tested their reaction time and their coordination.
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Then they compared those results with people who had been drinking.
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By the end of the night, the sleep deprived group was performing as badly as the people who were drunk.
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And the longer they stayed awake, the worse it got.
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We all know that our ability to succeed depends on making sound decisions,
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which depends on how this machine up here works, our brain.
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Before you upgrade what you own, upgrade the machine that earns it.
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When you underspend in this category, you'll see the adverse effect in everything downstream.
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And the most important upgrade is your sleep habits.
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And I'm not good at this.
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I stay up late knowing I shouldn't, but also I don't have to wake up early in the morning anymore.
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There was a time when I used to get up in the morning and I would have this really bad back pain.
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And I remember spending days researching to find the right mattress and pillows combination.
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They were more expensive, but why skimp on that?
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You spend a third of your life in that bed, and that time decides the quality of the other two -thirds of your life when you're up.
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The underlying principle is to spend on things that improve the quality of your decisions.
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Now, the second principle is adjacent to.
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Spend money when it makes the right behavior easier.
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You can buy a good habit when you know that you won't build it yourself.
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For instance, let's say you already know that you should work out.
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You won't find time for it somehow.
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same here, but maybe you put a stake in the ground by spending more on a great gym
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that you will be more likely to go to.
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If that doesn't work, maybe you can hire a trainer who comes to you.
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They will show up even if you don't want to.
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So that's how you buy a good habit.
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And the third principle, spend on the bottleneck.
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I realized I would work all day long while sitting in chairs and couches.
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So I bought myself a standing desk.
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And I've always been able to work in messy rooms.
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It doesn't bother me.
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But I can't work when there's noise or music playing.
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So one upgrade that I made was a really good pair of noise -canceling headphones.
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They were more expensive than Apple's ear pods but to me finding the silence was priceless.
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Most people use money to upgrade their lifestyle.
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I think it's better to upgrade your capacity to live it and enjoy it.
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So that's our first S for stamina.
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You know my mentor used to say this a lot, if you want to make more money don't upgrade your lifestyle, upgrade your life skills.
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Long time ago I was trying to move into Wall Street.
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I had spent my career in technology and I was at a company
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that was acquired and it was a great exit and I thought I should do something different.
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Now I had an MBA but I had not paid attention to corporate finance courses when I was at MIT.
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That was something that I wasn't feeling very confident about.
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So I started taking courses for CFA certification and I started teaching myself how to build complex valuation models,
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how to analyze companies, how to read financial statements, and so on and so on.
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And I did that for a long time and then I started applying.
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And I got interviews from three very large banks and each one of them asked me about my experience.
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And I would just say, listen, I don't have a lot of experience in finance,
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so the best way is for you to give me a difficult financial modeling assignment.
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And I would then deliver it in three or four days.
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And I wasn't some insanely brilliant guy or anything.
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It's just that I had practiced it over and over again before I showed up for the interview.
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And then those years in investment banking helped me understand businesses at a macro level.
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And I was able to do C -level roles afterwards, leading to a CEO position, and then board seats.
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And the key principle here is this.
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Invest in foundational skills that bring you recurring benefits.
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Finance 101, communications, negotiations, time management.
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The best skills don't pay you once, they keep paying you forever.
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So spend your money upgrading those.
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And you know, in the future that's heading our way,
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the biggest differentiator for you will be your constant ability to learn new skills
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because AI will keep commoditizing a lot of skills you have already built today.
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So you have to keep evolving.
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You have to keep adapting.
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The important question that you can ask every month is this.
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What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
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That's where your money should be invested.
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Every six months, create a learning budget,
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both in terms of money and time take courses online or join an evening school or learn from mentors.
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You know, one of the best upgrades that I made in my life was my mentors.
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When I became the CEO, I found a mentor who had just retired after building a company worth $60 billion.
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So just one conversation with him across the table was able to give me perspectives
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that I wouldn't have been able to discover for myself for years to come.
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The best thing you can buy is something no one can take away from you.
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And now we go to the third job, security.
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The richer you get, the more expensive your mistakes become.
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Making money and keeping money require totally different skills.
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In 2021, everybody was talking about this hedge fund called Archegos, and they were riding high.
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They had a portfolio of stocks that looked so spectacularly successful.
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Tens of billions of dollars.
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But there was one problem.
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Most of that portfolio was financed with borrowed money.
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It's called leverage in finance.
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So when a few of those stocks in the fund started going south, the fund could not meet the margin calls.
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And banks rushed to sell the collateral.
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The entire enterprise collapsed within days.
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Credit Suisse lost $5 .5 billion dollars.
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Never recovered.
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So here's the principle that I always remember.
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Wealth is often billed by making smart huge bets, but it's preserved by making smart hedges.
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When I was a teen, I ran away from my house and I was homeless for a
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while and I know what zero feels like
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and maybe that's why once I finally build some financial distance
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from zero I've always asked one question what could send me back there
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and you have to hedge against three key risks first concentration I had a personal
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and painful experience with this risk I I held a large position in a single stock.
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And the stock went from $19 to $140.
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And my advisor started telling me, hey, you gotta implement some hedging strategies to protect the downside.
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But I was so bullish, and I didn't do anything about it.
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And when the fall came, man, it came so fast and furious.
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We had no time to adjust and recover.
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So, once you have real savings, upgrade the savings by diversifying and hedging your risks.
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Keep enough emergency funds so if a market crash happens or there's a job loss or you've had a bad year,
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it doesn't force you to take more risks.
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Those extra dollars should buy you peace of mind.
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Second, constraints.
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Now, this is another upgrade in terms of security that I learned late in my life.
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I call it the BATNA fund.
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BATNA is a term that I learned from negotiators.
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Your better alternative to negotiated agreement.
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BATNA.
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Or simply put, your ability to have a better option in your back pocket when you're negotiating the current one.
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So I was able to walk away from a job for example
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that didn't excite me because I had saved enough money to get through six
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or nine months of job search upgrade your batna fund
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and finally complexity once your finances become meaningfully more complex it's
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a good idea to upgrade to a tax accountant for example
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or even hire a financial planner They can help you work through your choices.
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A good attorney can also make sense
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because you can then take care of your estate plan
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and you should always have an estate plan because that's your way to provide security to those you love.
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A very good friend of mine who's a CEO of a
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very large company in LA lost his entire house including all the furniture to the fires in Los Angeles
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and he and his family had to rebuild their entire life from scratch.
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But he had planned his life well.
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He had allocated his extra money for those specific risks so he didn't have to start back from zero.
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But stuff like that can happen to any of us and that's why upgrading your financial security is the best move.
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Now once you've done that, there is one final question left.
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What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
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This last upgrade has the worst financial returns.
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And that's the best part.
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That's our fourth S.
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Soul.
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Being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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And there are three places where an upgrade to make your life genuinely richer makes sense.
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The first is for yourself.
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Spend money on things you love.
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Things that truly light you up.
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Music, painting, cooking, golf, photography, whatever it is.
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I was trained in Indian classical music.
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When I got to a point when I could afford it, I paid for the courses at Berklee School of Music in Boston.
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Because I wanted to learn about Western principles of harmony and melody and I got to learn from a world -class faculty.
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I learned how they think about music, how they feel about music, how they see music.
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And those courses are expensive, but those lessons enriched my life in so many ways.
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It was an amazing experience.
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You can find and fund your amazing experiences the same way.
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It's part of being generous toward your own self.
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The second upgrade is for the people you love.
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There is an old quip I heard somewhere.
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A seeker asks a wise man, what matters more in life, the journey or the destination?
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And the wise man says, neither.
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What matters is the person you travel with.
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In 1938, Harvard researchers started following hundreds of people across their entire adult life.
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They tracked their careers, health, marriages, failures, successes, everything.
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That study, by the way, is still running today, almost 90 years later.
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Years into the research, they asked a simple question.
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What factors in our midlife best predicts our happiness and health when we're 80?
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One factor stood out again and again, the quality of our relationships.
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The people who were more satisfied in their relationships at 50 were the healthiest at 80.
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So invest your time and money for those who care about you.
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Have dinner with your life partner.
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Go see a Broadway show together.
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Take long walks.
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And same for the family.
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Take your kids somewhere they'll remember.
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Create the moment that becomes a story.
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Because that's all you're going to remember later.
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When you can afford to upgrade your life, please upgrade your generosity for others as well.
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Help a stranger.
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Support something you believe in.
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Volunteer.
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Build someone so they can believe in themselves.
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And it doesn't have to be just money, right?
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It could be your time.
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So that's the framework.
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Stamina, skills, security, and soul.
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And now you can go ahead and make your own list of upgrades that fit into these categories.
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You know one of my favorite movies is Arrival and at its heart it asks a really hard and almost heartbreaking question.
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If you knew something would eventually end would you still choose to go ahead with it?
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You may have your own answer but my answer is yes, of course.
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The value of life or relationship does not come from its permanence.
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Our time here is brief, we know that, but that brevity doesn't reduce its beauty.
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Maybe that's the ultimate upgrade.
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Using what you have to build a life that matters to you.
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Thank you and I love you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately」を教材にしています。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が225文、単語が2542語あります。 音声の長さは19:07です。 話す速さは1分あたり約133語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| hedge 名詞 | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | 垣根 |
| mentor 名詞 | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | メンター |
| researcher 名詞 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員, 研究者 |
| negotiate 動詞 | /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ | 交渉する, 折衝する |
| awake 動詞 | /əˈweɪk/ | 目覚める, 目を覚ます |
| portfolio 名詞 | /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ | ポートフォリオ |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 依存する |
| allocate 動詞 | /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ | 取り置く |
| bottleneck 名詞 | 瓶の首 | |
| constraint 名詞 | /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ | 束縛 |
| diversify 動詞 | /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ | 多様化する |
| enrich 動詞 | /ɪnˈɹɪt͡ʃ/ | 豊にする, 富ます |
| excite 動詞 | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | 興奮させる |
| macroeconomics 名詞 | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | マクロ経済学 |
| permanence 名詞 | /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ | 永続, 永久 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead 動詞 | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | どうぞお先に |
| show up 動詞 | 現れる | |
| wake up 動詞 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 目覚める, 目を覚ます |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Can it increase your future earning potential?
- What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
- What would that do to your career?
- What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
- What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態 | used to get · used to say |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is called · were drunk · was acquired |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've tried · I've always been · have already built |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | people who had · people who were · those who care |
注意したい発音
話し手はdoesn't, don't, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を37回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: priceless /ˈpɹaɪslɪs/, collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: brevity /ˈbɹɛvɪti/, deprive /dɪˈpɹaɪv/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/, midlife /ˈmɪdlaɪf/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。hedge, mentor, researcherなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。