쉐도잉 연습: Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Once you start making more money, the easiest mistake is upgrading the wrong things.
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You end up spending because you can afford it, but there is a better way to spend.
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I spent years on Wall Street and as a CEO making tough calls about money.
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So I learned these lessons by getting it wrong a lot.
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Your next dollar has four possible jobs, Four categories worth upgrading immediately.
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And the last one has the worst financial return.
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And that one matters the most.
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Money actually can buy you happiness.
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Just not the way we think.
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In 2010, Nobel Prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman suggested that happiness has a ceiling.
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According to his research, when you reach $75 ,000 a year, more money doesn't seem to improve your day -to -day emotional well -being.
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And for more than a decade, everyone quoted that number.
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Except that it turns out we were all reading it wrong.
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So in 2023, Kahneman teamed up with another researcher and they both arrived at a surprising conclusion.
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For most people, more money does keep making life better.
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But the relationship between money and happiness is not a straight line.
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Let's say you get X amount of lift in your happiness by going from 40 ,000 to $80 ,000.
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Now the same lift will happen only when you go from 80 ,000 to $160 ,000.
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And then if you want a similar lift once again, then you have to go from 160 to 320 thousand dollars.
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So it just takes more and more money to provide the same hit.
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It seems like money behaves just like any drug.
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The economic principle here is called diminishing marginal utility.
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The next dollar has to work harder than the last one because it's worth less to you.
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I love ice cream so I know this well.
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Your fifth ice cream cone won't give you the same pleasure as your first one.
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Believe me, I've tried.
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So being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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If your net worth rises while your self -worth falls, you're just rich on paper.
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We want to talk about where will my next dollar create the most additional value for me?
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Can the additional money buy back your health, your time, your attention?
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Can it increase your future earning potential?
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Can it make your relationships, your experiences, and your actual life richer?
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I call it the 4S framework.
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So let's use this framework to figure out what is actually worth upgrading and why.
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First, stamina.
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What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
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What would that do to your career?
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But that's exactly what happens to most of us who work hard.
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We just don't know it.
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In one of those landmark sleep studies,
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two sleep Sleep researchers in Australia kept people awake through the night and repeatedly tested their reaction time and their coordination.
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Then they compared those results with people who had been drinking.
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By the end of the night, the sleep deprived group was performing as badly as the people who were drunk.
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And the longer they stayed awake, the worse it got.
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We all know that our ability to succeed depends on making sound decisions,
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which depends on how this machine up here works, our brain.
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Before you upgrade what you own, upgrade the machine that earns it.
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When you underspend in this category, you'll see the adverse effect in everything downstream.
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And the most important upgrade is your sleep habits.
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And I'm not good at this.
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I stay up late knowing I shouldn't, but also I don't have to wake up early in the morning anymore.
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There was a time when I used to get up in the morning and I would have this really bad back pain.
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And I remember spending days researching to find the right mattress and pillows combination.
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They were more expensive, but why skimp on that?
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You spend a third of your life in that bed, and that time decides the quality of the other two -thirds of your life when you're up.
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The underlying principle is to spend on things that improve the quality of your decisions.
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Now, the second principle is adjacent to.
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Spend money when it makes the right behavior easier.
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You can buy a good habit when you know that you won't build it yourself.
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For instance, let's say you already know that you should work out.
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You won't find time for it somehow.
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same here, but maybe you put a stake in the ground by spending more on a great gym
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that you will be more likely to go to.
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If that doesn't work, maybe you can hire a trainer who comes to you.
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They will show up even if you don't want to.
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So that's how you buy a good habit.
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And the third principle, spend on the bottleneck.
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I realized I would work all day long while sitting in chairs and couches.
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So I bought myself a standing desk.
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And I've always been able to work in messy rooms.
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It doesn't bother me.
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But I can't work when there's noise or music playing.
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So one upgrade that I made was a really good pair of noise -canceling headphones.
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They were more expensive than Apple's ear pods but to me finding the silence was priceless.
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Most people use money to upgrade their lifestyle.
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I think it's better to upgrade your capacity to live it and enjoy it.
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So that's our first S for stamina.
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You know my mentor used to say this a lot, if you want to make more money don't upgrade your lifestyle, upgrade your life skills.
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Long time ago I was trying to move into Wall Street.
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I had spent my career in technology and I was at a company
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that was acquired and it was a great exit and I thought I should do something different.
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Now I had an MBA but I had not paid attention to corporate finance courses when I was at MIT.
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That was something that I wasn't feeling very confident about.
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So I started taking courses for CFA certification and I started teaching myself how to build complex valuation models,
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how to analyze companies, how to read financial statements, and so on and so on.
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And I did that for a long time and then I started applying.
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And I got interviews from three very large banks and each one of them asked me about my experience.
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And I would just say, listen, I don't have a lot of experience in finance,
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so the best way is for you to give me a difficult financial modeling assignment.
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And I would then deliver it in three or four days.
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And I wasn't some insanely brilliant guy or anything.
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It's just that I had practiced it over and over again before I showed up for the interview.
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And then those years in investment banking helped me understand businesses at a macro level.
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And I was able to do C -level roles afterwards, leading to a CEO position, and then board seats.
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And the key principle here is this.
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Invest in foundational skills that bring you recurring benefits.
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Finance 101, communications, negotiations, time management.
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The best skills don't pay you once, they keep paying you forever.
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So spend your money upgrading those.
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And you know, in the future that's heading our way,
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the biggest differentiator for you will be your constant ability to learn new skills
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because AI will keep commoditizing a lot of skills you have already built today.
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So you have to keep evolving.
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You have to keep adapting.
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The important question that you can ask every month is this.
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What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
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That's where your money should be invested.
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Every six months, create a learning budget,
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both in terms of money and time take courses online or join an evening school or learn from mentors.
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You know, one of the best upgrades that I made in my life was my mentors.
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When I became the CEO, I found a mentor who had just retired after building a company worth $60 billion.
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So just one conversation with him across the table was able to give me perspectives
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that I wouldn't have been able to discover for myself for years to come.
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The best thing you can buy is something no one can take away from you.
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And now we go to the third job, security.
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The richer you get, the more expensive your mistakes become.
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Making money and keeping money require totally different skills.
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In 2021, everybody was talking about this hedge fund called Archegos, and they were riding high.
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They had a portfolio of stocks that looked so spectacularly successful.
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Tens of billions of dollars.
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But there was one problem.
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Most of that portfolio was financed with borrowed money.
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It's called leverage in finance.
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So when a few of those stocks in the fund started going south, the fund could not meet the margin calls.
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And banks rushed to sell the collateral.
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The entire enterprise collapsed within days.
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Credit Suisse lost $5 .5 billion dollars.
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Never recovered.
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So here's the principle that I always remember.
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Wealth is often billed by making smart huge bets, but it's preserved by making smart hedges.
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When I was a teen, I ran away from my house and I was homeless for a
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while and I know what zero feels like
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and maybe that's why once I finally build some financial distance
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from zero I've always asked one question what could send me back there
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and you have to hedge against three key risks first concentration I had a personal
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and painful experience with this risk I I held a large position in a single stock.
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And the stock went from $19 to $140.
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And my advisor started telling me, hey, you gotta implement some hedging strategies to protect the downside.
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But I was so bullish, and I didn't do anything about it.
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And when the fall came, man, it came so fast and furious.
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We had no time to adjust and recover.
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So, once you have real savings, upgrade the savings by diversifying and hedging your risks.
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Keep enough emergency funds so if a market crash happens or there's a job loss or you've had a bad year,
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it doesn't force you to take more risks.
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Those extra dollars should buy you peace of mind.
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Second, constraints.
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Now, this is another upgrade in terms of security that I learned late in my life.
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I call it the BATNA fund.
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BATNA is a term that I learned from negotiators.
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Your better alternative to negotiated agreement.
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BATNA.
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Or simply put, your ability to have a better option in your back pocket when you're negotiating the current one.
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So I was able to walk away from a job for example
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that didn't excite me because I had saved enough money to get through six
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or nine months of job search upgrade your batna fund
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and finally complexity once your finances become meaningfully more complex it's
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a good idea to upgrade to a tax accountant for example
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or even hire a financial planner They can help you work through your choices.
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A good attorney can also make sense
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because you can then take care of your estate plan
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and you should always have an estate plan because that's your way to provide security to those you love.
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A very good friend of mine who's a CEO of a
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very large company in LA lost his entire house including all the furniture to the fires in Los Angeles
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and he and his family had to rebuild their entire life from scratch.
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But he had planned his life well.
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He had allocated his extra money for those specific risks so he didn't have to start back from zero.
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But stuff like that can happen to any of us and that's why upgrading your financial security is the best move.
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Now once you've done that, there is one final question left.
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What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
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This last upgrade has the worst financial returns.
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And that's the best part.
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That's our fourth S.
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Soul.
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Being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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And there are three places where an upgrade to make your life genuinely richer makes sense.
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The first is for yourself.
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Spend money on things you love.
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Things that truly light you up.
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Music, painting, cooking, golf, photography, whatever it is.
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I was trained in Indian classical music.
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When I got to a point when I could afford it, I paid for the courses at Berklee School of Music in Boston.
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Because I wanted to learn about Western principles of harmony and melody and I got to learn from a world -class faculty.
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I learned how they think about music, how they feel about music, how they see music.
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And those courses are expensive, but those lessons enriched my life in so many ways.
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It was an amazing experience.
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You can find and fund your amazing experiences the same way.
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It's part of being generous toward your own self.
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The second upgrade is for the people you love.
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There is an old quip I heard somewhere.
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A seeker asks a wise man, what matters more in life, the journey or the destination?
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And the wise man says, neither.
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What matters is the person you travel with.
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In 1938, Harvard researchers started following hundreds of people across their entire adult life.
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They tracked their careers, health, marriages, failures, successes, everything.
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That study, by the way, is still running today, almost 90 years later.
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Years into the research, they asked a simple question.
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What factors in our midlife best predicts our happiness and health when we're 80?
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One factor stood out again and again, the quality of our relationships.
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The people who were more satisfied in their relationships at 50 were the healthiest at 80.
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So invest your time and money for those who care about you.
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Have dinner with your life partner.
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Go see a Broadway show together.
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Take long walks.
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And same for the family.
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Take your kids somewhere they'll remember.
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Create the moment that becomes a story.
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Because that's all you're going to remember later.
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When you can afford to upgrade your life, please upgrade your generosity for others as well.
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Help a stranger.
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Support something you believe in.
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Volunteer.
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Build someone so they can believe in themselves.
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And it doesn't have to be just money, right?
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It could be your time.
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So that's the framework.
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Stamina, skills, security, and soul.
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And now you can go ahead and make your own list of upgrades that fit into these categories.
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You know one of my favorite movies is Arrival and at its heart it asks a really hard and almost heartbreaking question.
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If you knew something would eventually end would you still choose to go ahead with it?
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You may have your own answer but my answer is yes, of course.
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The value of life or relationship does not come from its permanence.
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Our time here is brief, we know that, but that brevity doesn't reduce its beauty.
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Maybe that's the ultimate upgrade.
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Using what you have to build a life that matters to you.
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Thank you and I love you.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 225개와 단어 2542개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 19:07입니다. 화자는 분당 약 133단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 84%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| hedge 명사 | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | 울타리 |
| mentor 명사 | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | 멘토 |
| researcher 명사 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 연구원, 연구자 |
| negotiate 동사 | /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ | 교섭하다 |
| awake 동사 | /əˈweɪk/ | 일어나다 |
| portfolio 명사 | /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ | 포트폴리오 |
| depend 동사 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 의존하다, ...에 달려 있다 |
| diversify 동사 | /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ | 다원화하다, 다양화하다 |
| macroeconomics 명사 | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | 거시경제학 |
| permanence 명사 | /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ | 영구성 |
| planner 명사 | /ˈplænɚ/ | 설계자, 계획자 |
| generosity 명사 | /ˌd͡ʒɛn.əˈɹɑ.sə.ti/ | 선심 |
| collateral 명사 | /kəˈlætəɹəl/ | 담보물 |
| mattress 명사 | /ˈmætɹɪs/ | 매트리스, 요 |
| pod 명사 | /ˈpɑd/ | 깍지 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| stay up 동사 | 새우다 | |
| wake up 동사 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 눈뜨다, 일어나다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Can it increase your future earning potential?
- What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
- What would that do to your career?
- What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
- What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + 동사 — 지금은 아닌 과거의 습관이나 상태 | used to get · used to say |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is called · were drunk · was acquired |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | I've tried · I've always been · have already built |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | people who had · people who were · those who care |
주의할 발음
화자는 doesn't, don't, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 37번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/, midlife /ˈmɪdlaɪf/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: brevity /ˈbɹɛvɪti/, deprive /dɪˈpɹaɪv/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, headphones /ˈhɛdfoʊnz/, advisor /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, hedge, mentor, researcher 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.