쉐도잉 연습: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
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If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: dollar, supply, create, value, bank. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 45개와 단어 557개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:06입니다. 화자는 분당 약 136단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 86%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요. 전체 45문장 중 8문장이 질문이어서 의문문 억양과 짧은 대답을 연습하기에 좋습니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 12개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
banker 명사/ˈbæŋkəː/은행가, 은행원
bureaucrat 명사/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/관료
loser 명사/luzɚ/패자, 분실자
cryptocurrency 명사/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/암호화폐
grandparent 명사/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/조부모
inflate 동사/ɪnˈfleɪt/부풀리다
squeeze 동사/skwiːz/짜다
investor 명사/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/투자자
borrow 동사/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/빌리다, 일시적으로 받는
mansion 명사/ˈmæn.ʃən/대저택, 맨션
approve 동사/əˈpɹuːv/승인하다, 찬성하다
classroom 명사/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/교실, 교장

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어뜻
go down 동사내려가다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

주의할 발음

  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

  • /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
  • /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: loser /luzɚ/, squeeze /skwiːz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, banker, bureaucrat, loser 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →