シャドーイング練習: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.

Here we have new home prices and money supply.

That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.

And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.

If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,

which raises some crucial questions.

Why is money losing its value?

Who creates it?

Why do we keep printing more?

And who are the winners and losers of this system?

The moment you save money, it starts losing value.

This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And

so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,

and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.

To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.

It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.

If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.

Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.

You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.

So how exactly is money created?

There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.

Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.

After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.

Woohoo!

The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.

And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.

Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.

and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.

If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.

In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,

which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.

Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.

All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.

But there are not only winners.

The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.

Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.

And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.

This last group often faces a double squeeze.

They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.

But what do you think?

How could we solve this problem?

Should we just stop printing new money?

Share your thoughts in the comments below.

If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.

For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：dollar, supply, create, value, bank。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が45文、単語が557語あります。音声の長さは4:06です。話す速さは1分あたり約136語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。全45文のうち8文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語14語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
banker 名詞	/ˈbæŋkəː/	銀行家, 銀行員
bureaucrat 名詞	/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/	官僚
loser 名詞	/luzɚ/	敗者, 落とし主
childcare 名詞		保育所
cryptocurrency 名詞	/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/	暗号通貨
evaporate 動詞	/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/	蒸発する, 揮発する
grandparent 名詞	/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/	祖父母
inflate 動詞	/ɪnˈfleɪt/	膨らむ
squeeze 動詞	/skwiːz/	押す, 締め付ける
investor 名詞	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/	投資家, 出資者
borrow 動詞	/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/	借りる
mansion 名詞	/ˈmæn.ʃən/	大邸宅, 豪邸
approve 動詞	/əˈpɹuːv/	承認する, 賛成する
classroom 名詞	/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/	教室, 教場

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
check out 動詞	試験する, 検査する
go down 動詞	降りる, 降下する
take out 動詞	取り出す

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

Why do we keep printing more?
How could we solve this problem?
Should we just stop printing new money?

注意したい発音

「sh」と「zh」の音: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/, squeeze /skwiːz/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。banker, bureaucrat, loserなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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