Shadowing Practice: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - Learn English Speaking with Video

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45 cümleler
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1
This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
5
If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
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For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: dollar, supply, create, value, bank. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 45 cümle ve 557 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:06 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 136 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %86’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var. 45 cümlenin 8 tanesi soru; soru tonlaması ve kısa cevaplar için iyi bir alıştırma.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 12 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
banker isim/ˈbæŋkəː/bankacı
bureaucrat isim/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/bürokrat
circulation isim/ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/dönme
loser isim/luzɚ/kaybeden, yenik
cryptocurrency isim/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/kripto para, kripto döviz
inflate fiil/ɪnˈfleɪt/şişmek
squeeze fiil/skwiːz/sıkmak, sıkıştırmak
investor isim/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/yatırımcı, sermayedar
borrow fiil/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ödünç almak
mansion isim/ˈmæn.ʃən/konak, saray
approve fiil/əˈpɹuːv/onaylamak
classroom isim/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/sınıf, derslik

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

KelimeAnlam
check out fiilgözden geçirmek
take out fiilçıkarmak

Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler

Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: woohoo /wuːˈhuː/, unaware /ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/, squeeze /skwiːz/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, squeeze /skwiːz/, classroom /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: banker /ˈbæŋkəː/, bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; banker, bureaucrat, circulation gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →