Shadowing Practice: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - Learn English Speaking with Video

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This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
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If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
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For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor”. Las palabras que más se repiten: dollar, supply, create, value, bank. Este vídeo tiene 45 frases y 557 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:06. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 136 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 86 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar. 8 de sus 45 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
banker sustantivo/ˈbæŋkəː/banquero, banquera
bureaucrat sustantivo/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/burócrata
circulation sustantivo/ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/circulación
loser sustantivo/luzɚ/perdedor
childcare sustantivocuidado infantil
cryptocurrency sustantivo/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/criptomoneda
evaporate verbo/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/evaporar, evaporarse
generously adverbiogenerosamente
grandparent sustantivo/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/abuelo, abuela
inflate verbo/ɪnˈfleɪt/inflar, hinchar
paycheck sustantivo/ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/cheque de pago, cheque salarial
unaware adjetivo/ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/inconsciente, desprevenido
squeeze verbo/skwiːz/exprimir, apretar
investor sustantivo/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/inversionista, inversor
borrow verbo/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/pedir prestado, tomar prestado

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
check out verboinvestigar, chequear
take out verbosacar

Frases que vale la pena repetir

Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: loser /luzɚ/, squeeze /skwiːz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como banker, bureaucrat, circulation.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →