Shadowing Practice: The Confirmation Bias - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Two guys are sitting together in a bar in the remote Alaskan wilderness arguing about the existence of God. While they're old friends they have very different ideas on God: one is a priest and the other is an atheist. The atheist says "Look it's not like I haven't given God a chance, I've even tried the prayer thing.
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It didn't work!" The priest asks with some incredulity: "Did you really pray? When did this happen?" "Just last month" replies the atheist "I got caught away from the camp and a terrible blizzard I was totally lost and I couldn't see a thing it was 20 degrees below zero and so I prayed I fell to my knees in the snow and cried out: Oh God if there is a god I'm lost in this blizzard and I'm going to die if you don't help me!" the priest looks at the atheist puzzled and says: "Well, then you must believe in God now, after all here you are, alive!" The atheist rolls his eyes and replies: "No, no that's not how it happened! A couple of Eskimos came wandering by and showed me the way back to the camp". So, where do such different perspectives come from? Confirmation bias is a tendency to look for, interpret and recall information in ways that affirm our preconception. Whenever we encounter objective facts on an issue we look at them through the lens of our own beliefs. As a result we see and overrate where the to intercept. The bias is strongest for emotionally charged issues or when we search for desired outcomes.
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Wrapped inside popular narratives, cultural beliefs and family values a confirmation bias often gets passed on for generations. The priest learned from his ancestors that God is behind everything. The atheist was raised within a family that believed only in scientific knowledge. When we are confronted with unfamiliar or new situations a bias helps us to draw fast conclusions. If every encounter with a stranger would require us to think of all sorts of possible outcomes, we would not come to any conclusions. Economically speaking it would be too costly. To survive in a dangerous world we learn to operate like storytelling, pattern-seeking animals, each one of us thinking that our story and our head is the right one. Today we can afford to slow down and think more deeply about certain issues. When we do this we can become aware of our own biases. We begin to realize that things are often more complicated than we thought.
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Psychologist Peter Cathcart Wason who coined the term confirmation bias left us with this fun little hypothesis rule discovery task, let's see if you can do it? What's the rule behind the sequence of numbers: 2 4 6 ? And what comes next?
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Write the correct number and the rule we are looking for in the comments below!
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Now, fast! Psychologists and nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman said: "A reliable way to make people believe in falsehoods is frequent repetition. Because familiarity is not easily distinguished from truth.". Which means if there is time to reflect slowing down is likely to be a good idea!
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 7 frases y 591 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:51. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 122 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras menos comunes del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
- bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/ (sustantivo) — sesgo, bías. Inclination towards something.
- atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/ (sustantivo) — ateo, atea. A person who does not believe in deities or gods.
- priest /ˈpɹiːst/ (sustantivo) — sacerdote, cura. A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.
- confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (sustantivo) — confirmación. An official indicator that things will happen as planned.
- belief /bɪˈliːf/ (sustantivo) — creencia. Mental acceptance of a claim as true.
- conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ (sustantivo) — conclusión, neta. The end, finish, close or last part of something.
- pray /pɹeɪ/ (verbo) — rezar, orar. To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.
- outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ (sustantivo) — resultado. That which is produced or occurs as a result of an event or process.
- encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ (verbo) — encontrar, encontrarse. To meet (someone) or find (something), especially unexpectedly.
- blizzard /ˈblɪz.ɚd/ (sustantivo) — ventisca, tempestad de nieve. A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.
- complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (adjetivo) — complicado. Difficult or convoluted.
- argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ (verbo) — argüir, argumentar. To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply.
- discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ (sustantivo) — descubrimiento, hallazgo. Something discovered.
- deeply /ˈdi(ː)pli/ (adverbio) — a fondo. To a deep extent or degree; very greatly.
- prayer /pɹɛɚ/ (sustantivo) — oración, rezo. A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
- look at (verbo) — mirar, funar. To observe or watch.
- look for (verbo) — buscar, lambisquear. To seek.
- slow down (verbo) — desacelerar, decelerar. To decelerate.
- come from (verbo) — ser de. To have as one's origin, birthplace or nationality.
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, couldn't, didn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, preconception /ˌpɹiːkənˈsɛpʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como bias, atheist, priest.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones condicionales if + oración, will/would + verbo — una condición y su resultado | If every encounter with a stranger would require |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was raised · is not easily distinguished |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | haven't given |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar dos cosas | more complicated than |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.