Shadowing Practice: The Confirmation Bias - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Two guys are sitting together in a bar in the remote Alaskan wilderness arguing about the existence of God. While they're old friends they have very different ideas on God: one is a priest and the other is an atheist. The atheist says "Look it's not like I haven't given God a chance, I've even tried the prayer thing.
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It didn't work!" The priest asks with some incredulity: "Did you really pray? When did this happen?" "Just last month" replies the atheist "I got caught away from the camp and a terrible blizzard I was totally lost and I couldn't see a thing it was 20 degrees below zero and so I prayed I fell to my knees in the snow and cried out: Oh God if there is a god I'm lost in this blizzard and I'm going to die if you don't help me!" the priest looks at the atheist puzzled and says: "Well, then you must believe in God now, after all here you are, alive!" The atheist rolls his eyes and replies: "No, no that's not how it happened! A couple of Eskimos came wandering by and showed me the way back to the camp". So, where do such different perspectives come from? Confirmation bias is a tendency to look for, interpret and recall information in ways that affirm our preconception. Whenever we encounter objective facts on an issue we look at them through the lens of our own beliefs. As a result we see and overrate where the to intercept. The bias is strongest for emotionally charged issues or when we search for desired outcomes.
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Wrapped inside popular narratives, cultural beliefs and family values a confirmation bias often gets passed on for generations. The priest learned from his ancestors that God is behind everything. The atheist was raised within a family that believed only in scientific knowledge. When we are confronted with unfamiliar or new situations a bias helps us to draw fast conclusions. If every encounter with a stranger would require us to think of all sorts of possible outcomes, we would not come to any conclusions. Economically speaking it would be too costly. To survive in a dangerous world we learn to operate like storytelling, pattern-seeking animals, each one of us thinking that our story and our head is the right one. Today we can afford to slow down and think more deeply about certain issues. When we do this we can become aware of our own biases. We begin to realize that things are often more complicated than we thought.
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Psychologist Peter Cathcart Wason who coined the term confirmation bias left us with this fun little hypothesis rule discovery task, let's see if you can do it? What's the rule behind the sequence of numbers: 2 4 6 ? And what comes next?
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Write the correct number and the rule we are looking for in the comments below!
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Now, fast! Psychologists and nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman said: "A reliable way to make people believe in falsehoods is frequent repetition. Because familiarity is not easily distinguished from truth.". Which means if there is time to reflect slowing down is likely to be a good idea!
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze video bevat 7 zinnen en 591 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:51. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 122 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:

  • bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — neiging, vooroordeel. Inclination towards something.
  • atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — atheïst, atheïste. A person who does not believe in deities or gods.
  • priest /ˈpɹiːst/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — priester, pastoor. A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.
  • confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — bevestiging. An official indicator that things will happen as planned.
  • belief /bɪˈliːf/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — geloof. Mental acceptance of a claim as true.
  • conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — conclusie, einde. The end, finish, close or last part of something.
  • pray /pɹeɪ/ (werkwoord) — bidden. To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.
  • encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ (werkwoord) — ontmoeten, stuiten op. To meet (someone) or find (something), especially unexpectedly.
  • blizzard /ˈblɪz.ɚd/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — sneeuwjacht. A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.
  • complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — ingewikkeld, gecompliceerd. Difficult or convoluted.
  • argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ (werkwoord) — redetwisten. To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply.
  • discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — ontdekking, vinding. Something discovered.
  • prayer /pɹɛɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — gebed. A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
  • remote /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — verwijderd, afgelegen. At a distance; disconnected.
  • narrative /ˈnæɹ.ə.tɪv/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — verhaal, vertelling. The systematic recitation of an event or series of events.

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

  • look for (werkwoord) — zoeken. To seek.
  • slow down (werkwoord) — afremmen. To decelerate.

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, couldn't, didn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

  • De “th”-klanken: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, preconception /ˌpɹiːkənˈsɛpʃən/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als bias, atheist, priest.

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Voorwaardelijke zinnen if + zin, will/would + werkwoord — een voorwaarde en het gevolgIf every encounter with a stranger would require
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetwas raised · is not easily distinguished
Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telthaven't given
Vergrotende trap -er than / more … than — twee dingen vergelijkenmore complicated than

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →