Shadowing Practice: The Menstrual Cycle Explained: A Guide to the 4 Phases & Hormones - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Around age 9 to 13, girls enter puberty and have their very first period. From this day forward, their hormone levels fluctuate, affecting their body, brain and behavior — a phenomenon known as the menstrual cycle.
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The menstrual cycle is divided into 4 phases: Menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation with a fertile window, and the luteal phase. The length of the cycle is, on average, 28 days. However, for most women it ranges somewhere between 22 and 35 days and can be regular or not. Since menstruation is a consequence of changes that happen before it, we will start our story with the follicular phase.
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During the Follicular phase, the hormone estrogen increases steadily and Leah starts to feel happy, is physically stronger, and is generally on top form.
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Inside her body, her uterine lining starts to thicken and in the ovaries, her follicles mature. Inside one of them is a tiny cell that's about to become an egg. At the end of this phase, Leah notices a change in her discharge.
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During Ovulation the ovary releases the egg, which makes its way towards the uterus and then implants itself inside the lining. For about 5 days, Leah could potentially get pregnant.
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The high levels of estrogen make Leah more interested in boys than she used to be, which is why she is more conscious about her appearance. Her senses are heightened and she hears, sees, tastes and smells more acutely.
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In the Luteal phase, her body temperature rises slightly. Leah has more sensitive, swollen breasts, and occasional joint pain, which makes skateboarding harder.
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Like just about every other woman, Leah can now experience premenstrual syndrome. If it's bad, she wants to be alone, feels moody, and can have thoughts that keep her up at night.
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If there is no pregnancy, Leah’s uterus sheds her thickened lining. As a result she experiences bleeding and often painful cramps. This marks the first day of menstruation.
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Leah is now exhausted. She has trouble concentrating, is not motivated, and can’t do sports, which annoys her a lot. But soon after she starts feeling better and the cycle continues.
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Every young woman experiences a different version of the menstrual cycle, with periods ranging from little to no discomfort, to heavy bleeding and intense pain. And about 1 in 10 girls will have to deal with what’s known as endometriosis.
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Endometriosis is a condition where tissue grows outside the uterus.
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This can lead to severe and lasting pain during their menses, intercourse, or on the toilet. And eventually it can even lead to infertility.
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What do you think? How does the menstrual cycle influence your life, or the life of your partner or friend? And how can society support women and girls who experience regular periods of pain and fatigue? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “The Menstrual Cycle Explained: A Guide to the 4 Phases & Hormones”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Leah, phase, cycle, menstrual, pain. Deze video bevat 15 zinnen en 481 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:37. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 133 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 77% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig. 3 van de 15 zinnen zijn vragen, dus het is goede oefening voor vraagintonatie en korte antwoorden.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| menstruation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/ | menstruatie, ongesteldheid |
| endometriosis zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/ | endometriose |
| estrogen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/ | oestrogeen, estrogeen |
| ovulation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | eisprong, ovulatie |
| thicken werkwoord | /ˈθɪkən/ | verbreden |
| bleed werkwoord | /ˈbliːd/ | bloeden |
| hormone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormoon |
| follicle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɑlɪkəl/ | follikel |
| heighten werkwoord | /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/ | verhogen |
| puberty zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpjuː.bə.ti/ | puberteit |
| skateboard zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈskeɪt.bɔɹd/ | skateboard |
| uterine bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈjutəɹaɪn/ | baarmoeder- |
| motivate werkwoord | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | motiveren |
| intercourse zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪn.tɚˌkɔɹs/ | communicatie, conversatie |
| fertile bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈfɝːtəl/ | vruchtbaar |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + werkwoord — een vroegere gewoonte of toestand die niet meer klopt | used to be |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is divided · are heightened · is now exhausted |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | egg, which makes · pain, which makes |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: menstruation /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/, ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: menstruation /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/, endometriosis /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/, ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, premenstrual /pɹiˈmɛnztɹ(əw)əl/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als menstruation, endometriosis, estrogen.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.