Shadowing Practice: Early Childhood Education: The Research - Learn English Speaking with Video

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What a child experiences during the first years of their life has a lasting impact on the development of their brain.
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While genes set the roadmap, experiences create the neural connection inside the brain that sets the foundations of our emotions,
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language, motor skills, vision and memories.
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If one region gets additional stimulation, the neural pathways within that area and the connections to other areas grow stronger stronger.
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This process is called synaptic pruning.
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You can also imagine your brain as a planet.
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There is Motorskill Metropolis, Memory Mountain and Vision Village.
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Through the years, populous cities grow bigger and links between them get larger.
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Now, if one area was never developed, there can be traffic jams.
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This then slows down the development of the entire brain.
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Some neurotransmitters will be tired getting to work.
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Others will take shortcuts and get lost.
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Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied children's exposure to language.
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On average, children from families on welfare were exposed to about 600 words per hour.
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Kids from rich families got about 2,000.
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By the age of 3, the gap becomes 30 million words.
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But it didn't end there.
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Children from privileged families received much more positive feedback.
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For every six words of praise, there was only one word of discouragement.
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Welfare kids, however, had twice as much discouragement as praise.
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This could make a difference that lasts a lifetime.
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In a study that began in 1963, psychologist David Wyckart and his team randomly divided 123 underprivileged kids into two groups.
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One group spent two years at a top preschool with excellent teachers.
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They made art, discussed problems and received a lot of attention, respect and love.
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For the other, life went on as usual, often without much attention from anyone.
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40 years later, the Highscope Perry Preschool Study was published.
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At age 5, 67% of the children in the top preschool group had an IQ of over 90.
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They were school ready.
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Of the others, only 28% achieved that.
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At 14, there was a big difference in basic classroom achievements.
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At 27, the top preschool group were more likely to own their own home.
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And at age 40, they earned more money and were less likely to ever be sentenced to jail.
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The researchers concluded that the two years at preschool nourished the children not only intellectually, but also gave them social skills, courage and perseverance.
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This combination of character strength, also called grit, was later responsible for their success in life.
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The $15,000 invested in putting those kids into preschool later benefited the entire society, mainly through a reduction in crime.
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The total return of investment was estimated to be at $195,000.
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In 2006, Nobel Prize winning economist James Heckman published what became known as the Heckman Curve.
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It chose the return of investments in education, which is the highest in the early years.
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Governments have since started to act.
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In Germany, parents get a lot of financial support to raise their kids.
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In Japan, mothers or fathers can take a full year of paid leave.
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In France, all children go to kindergarten free of charge.
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If you happen to be in charge, know that with every extra minute you spend encouraging and talking to that little troublemaker, you might be doing him a favor for life.
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According to the University of Michigan, regular family dinners are a stronger predictor of good grades than doing homework.
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Thank you.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Early Childhood Education: The Research”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: preschool, brain, word, stronger, families. Deze video bevat 45 zinnen en 554 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:05. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 136 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

De 13 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
discouragement zelfstandig naamwoordontmoediging
neural bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ˈnʊɹəl/neuraal
neurotransmitter zelfstandig naamwoordneurotransmitter
perseverance zelfstandig naamwoord/ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/volharding, vasthoudendheid
shortcut zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈʃɔːtkʌt/sluiproute
troublemaker zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈtɹʌbəlˌmeɪkə(ɹ)/lastverkoper, druktemaker
stimulation zelfstandig naamwoord/stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/stimulatie
kindergarten zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/kleuterschool
psychologist zelfstandig naamwoord/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/psycholoog, psychologe
economist zelfstandig naamwoord/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/econoom
conclude werkwoord/kənˈkluːd/besluiten, concluderen
researcher zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/onderzoeker
expose werkwoord/ɪkˈspoʊz/zichtbaar maken, blootleggen

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

WoordBetekenis
slow down werkwoordafremmen

Uitspraak om op te letten

  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/, stimulation /stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, troublemaker /ˈtɹʌbəlˌmeɪkə(ɹ)/, stimulation /stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/, kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

  • Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: conclude /kənˈkluːd/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/
  • /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: synaptic /sɪˈnæp.tɪk/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, randomly /ˈɹændm̩li/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als discouragement, neural, neurotransmitter.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →