Pratique du Shadowing: Early Childhood Education: The Research - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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45 phrases
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1
What a child experiences during the first years of their life has a lasting impact on the development of their brain.
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While genes set the roadmap, experiences create the neural connection inside the brain that sets the foundations of our emotions,
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language, motor skills, vision and memories.
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If one region gets additional stimulation, the neural pathways within that area and the connections to other areas grow stronger stronger.
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This process is called synaptic pruning.
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You can also imagine your brain as a planet.
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There is Motorskill Metropolis, Memory Mountain and Vision Village.
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Through the years, populous cities grow bigger and links between them get larger.
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Now, if one area was never developed, there can be traffic jams.
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This then slows down the development of the entire brain.
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Some neurotransmitters will be tired getting to work.
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Others will take shortcuts and get lost.
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Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied children's exposure to language.
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On average, children from families on welfare were exposed to about 600 words per hour.
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Kids from rich families got about 2,000.
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By the age of 3, the gap becomes 30 million words.
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But it didn't end there.
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Children from privileged families received much more positive feedback.
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For every six words of praise, there was only one word of discouragement.
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Welfare kids, however, had twice as much discouragement as praise.
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This could make a difference that lasts a lifetime.
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In a study that began in 1963, psychologist David Wyckart and his team randomly divided 123 underprivileged kids into two groups.
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One group spent two years at a top preschool with excellent teachers.
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They made art, discussed problems and received a lot of attention, respect and love.
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For the other, life went on as usual, often without much attention from anyone.
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40 years later, the Highscope Perry Preschool Study was published.
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At age 5, 67% of the children in the top preschool group had an IQ of over 90.
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They were school ready.
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Of the others, only 28% achieved that.
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At 14, there was a big difference in basic classroom achievements.
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At 27, the top preschool group were more likely to own their own home.
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And at age 40, they earned more money and were less likely to ever be sentenced to jail.
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The researchers concluded that the two years at preschool nourished the children not only intellectually, but also gave them social skills, courage and perseverance.
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This combination of character strength, also called grit, was later responsible for their success in life.
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The $15,000 invested in putting those kids into preschool later benefited the entire society, mainly through a reduction in crime.
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The total return of investment was estimated to be at $195,000.
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In 2006, Nobel Prize winning economist James Heckman published what became known as the Heckman Curve.
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It chose the return of investments in education, which is the highest in the early years.
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Governments have since started to act.
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In Germany, parents get a lot of financial support to raise their kids.
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In Japan, mothers or fathers can take a full year of paid leave.
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In France, all children go to kindergarten free of charge.
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If you happen to be in charge, know that with every extra minute you spend encouraging and talking to that little troublemaker, you might be doing him a favor for life.
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According to the University of Michigan, regular family dinners are a stronger predictor of good grades than doing homework.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Early Childhood Education: The Research ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : preschool, brain, word, stronger, families. Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 554 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:05. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 136 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
preschool adjectif/ˈpɹiːskuːl/préscolaire
neural adjectif/ˈnʊɹəl/neural
intellectually adverbeintellectuellement
neurotransmitter nomneurotransmetteur
nourish verbe/ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/nourrir
perseverance nom/ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/persévérance
populous adjectif/ˈpɑpjələs/populeux
shortcut nom/ˈʃɔːtkʌt/raccourci
synaptic adjectif/sɪˈnæp.tɪk/synaptique
troublemaker nom/ˈtɹʌbəlˌmeɪkə(ɹ)/fauteur de troubles, perturbateur
stimulation nom/stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/stimulation
pathway nom/ˈpæθˌweɪ/voie
kindergarten nom/ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/maternelle, jardin d'enfants
psychologist nom/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/psychologue
economist nom/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/économiste

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
slow down verberalentir, décélérer

Prononciation à surveiller

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/, stimulation /stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, troublemaker /ˈtɹʌbəlˌmeɪkə(ɹ)/, stimulation /stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/, kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: preschool /ˈpɹiːskuːl/, neural /ˈnʊɹəl/, nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, predictor /pɹɪˈdɪk.tɚ/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme preschool, neural, intellectually.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →