تدريب Shadowing: Early Childhood Education: The Research - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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What a child experiences during the first years of their life has a lasting impact on the development of their brain.
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What a child experiences during the first years of their life has a lasting impact on the development of their brain.
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While genes set the roadmap, experiences create the neural connection inside the brain that sets the foundations of our emotions,
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language, motor skills, vision and memories.
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If one region gets additional stimulation, the neural pathways within that area and the connections to other areas grow stronger stronger.
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This process is called synaptic pruning.
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You can also imagine your brain as a planet.
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There is Motorskill Metropolis, Memory Mountain and Vision Village.
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Through the years, populous cities grow bigger and links between them get larger.
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Now, if one area was never developed, there can be traffic jams.
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This then slows down the development of the entire brain.
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Some neurotransmitters will be tired getting to work.
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Others will take shortcuts and get lost.
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Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied children's exposure to language.
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On average, children from families on welfare were exposed to about 600 words per hour.
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Kids from rich families got about 2,000.
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By the age of 3, the gap becomes 30 million words.
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But it didn't end there.
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Children from privileged families received much more positive feedback.
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For every six words of praise, there was only one word of discouragement.
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Welfare kids, however, had twice as much discouragement as praise.
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This could make a difference that lasts a lifetime.
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In a study that began in 1963, psychologist David Wyckart and his team randomly divided 123 underprivileged kids into two groups.
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One group spent two years at a top preschool with excellent teachers.
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They made art, discussed problems and received a lot of attention, respect and love.
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For the other, life went on as usual, often without much attention from anyone.
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40 years later, the Highscope Perry Preschool Study was published.
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At age 5, 67% of the children in the top preschool group had an IQ of over 90.
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They were school ready.
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Of the others, only 28% achieved that.
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At 14, there was a big difference in basic classroom achievements.
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At 27, the top preschool group were more likely to own their own home.
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And at age 40, they earned more money and were less likely to ever be sentenced to jail.
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The researchers concluded that the two years at preschool nourished the children not only intellectually, but also gave them social skills, courage and perseverance.
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This combination of character strength, also called grit, was later responsible for their success in life.
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The $15,000 invested in putting those kids into preschool later benefited the entire society, mainly through a reduction in crime.
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The total return of investment was estimated to be at $195,000.
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In 2006, Nobel Prize winning economist James Heckman published what became known as the Heckman Curve.
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It chose the return of investments in education, which is the highest in the early years.
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Governments have since started to act.
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In Germany, parents get a lot of financial support to raise their kids.
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In Japan, mothers or fathers can take a full year of paid leave.
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In France, all children go to kindergarten free of charge.
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If you happen to be in charge, know that with every extra minute you spend encouraging and talking to that little troublemaker, you might be doing him a favor for life.
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According to the University of Michigan, regular family dinners are a stronger predictor of good grades than doing homework.
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Thank you.

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