Pratique du Shadowing: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
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If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
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For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : dollar, supply, create, value, bank. Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 557 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:06. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 136 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 8 de ses 45 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
banker nom/ˈbæŋkəː/banquier, banquière
bureaucrat nom/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/bureaucrate
circulation nom/ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/circulation
loser nom/luzɚ/perdant, perdante
childcare nomgarde d'enfants
cryptocurrency nom/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/cryptomonnaie
evaporate verbe/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/évaporer, s'évaporer
grandparent nom/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/grand-parent, aïeul
inflate verbe/ɪnˈfleɪt/gonfler, se gonfler
unaware adjectif/ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/inconscient
squeeze verbe/skwiːz/presser, comprimer
investor nom/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/investisseur, investisseuse
borrow verbe/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/emprunter
mansion nom/ˈmæn.ʃən/manoir, grande demeure
approve verbe/əˈpɹuːv/approuver

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
check out verbemater, regarder
go down verbedescendre
take out verbesupprimer, sortir

Des phrases à répéter

Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

Prononciation à surveiller

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, repay /ɹiˈpeɪ/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme banker, bureaucrat, circulation.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →