Prática de Shadowing: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
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If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
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For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor”. As palavras que mais se repetem: dollar, supply, create, value, bank. Este vídeo tem 45 frases e 557 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:06. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 136 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar. 8 das 45 frases são perguntas, por isso é um bom treino para a entonação de perguntas e respostas curtas.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
banker substantivo/ˈbæŋkəː/banqueiro, banqueira
bureaucrat substantivo/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/burocrata
circulation substantivo/ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/circulação, circundação
loser substantivo/luzɚ/perdedor
cryptocurrency substantivo/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/criptomoeda, criptodivisa
evaporate verbo/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/evaporar
generously advérbiogenerosamente
grandparent substantivo/ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/avós, avô
inflate verbo/ɪnˈfleɪt/encher
unaware adjetivo/ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/inconsciente
squeeze verbo/skwiːz/espremer, apertar
investor substantivo/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/investidor
borrow verbo/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/emprestar, tomar emprestado
mansion substantivo/ˈmæn.ʃən/solar, mansão
approve verbo/əˈpɹuːv/aprovar, sancionar

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraSignificado
check out verboverificar, sacar só
go down verbodescer
take out verbotirar, remover

Frases que vale a pena repetir

Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/, paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como banker, bureaucrat, circulation.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →