शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

अभ्यास मोड चुनें

हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।

45 वाक्य
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1
This is the gold price since the 1970s, and that's total money supplied by the US Federal Reserve.
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Here we have new home prices and money supply.
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That's the S&P 500, which tracks the shares of top American businesses and money supply.
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And finally, the Bitcoin price, here on a log scale, and money supply.
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If gold, real estate, stocks and cryptocurrencies all go up with the total cash in circulation, the value of each dollar must go down,
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which raises some crucial questions.
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Why is money losing its value?
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Who creates it?
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Why do we keep printing more?
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And who are the winners and losers of this system?
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The moment you save money, it starts losing value.
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This happens because bankers and government officials keep printing new money. And
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so the total US dollar supply increased from around 1.4 trillion in 1975 to around 129 trillion by the end of 2024,
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and with all the new money, each individual bill lost value.
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To put this in perspective, suppose your grandparents had, very generously, put $10,000 into a piggy bank for you back in 1975.
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It'd still be $10,000 today and would buy you a tiny car.
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If they had exchanged that same amount for gold it would be worth $200,000 today and get you a very fancy sports car.
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Invested in a fund holding shares in the top 500 US public companies it would have grown to 2.8 million dollars.
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You could own lots of cars and a mansion for that.
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So how exactly is money created?
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There are two major forces bankers and and bureaucrats.
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Bankers create new money whenever they take out a loan.
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After they approve a credit, they literally just type the newly created money into your account.
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Woohoo!
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The only requirement, banks must hold about 10% of all the new money they create.
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And when you repay your loan, the money evaporates again.
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Government officials like to spend more than they actually have.
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and so they tend to borrow new money from central banks, fund managers or foreign investors.
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If such a deal happens with the central bank, it just prints new money.
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In 2020, the US Federal Reserve created close to $4 trillion this way,
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which meant that the total dollars in circulation grew by about 26% in a single year.
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Bureaucrats then typically take this new money, invest it in projects, or give it to particular people and special interest groups.
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All this new money, so the theory goes, gets people spending and hence creates jobs and economic growth.
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But there are not only winners.
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The first losers are those who hoard their cash, unaware that all the new money inflates the price of housing, shares and other assets.
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Second are those who have no access to buy other assets or efficient capital markets.
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And last are those who earn too little to invest in housing, gold or stocks.
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This last group often faces a double squeeze.
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They see rent, food and childcare costs rise faster than their paychecks, while wealth-building assets stay out of reach.
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But what do you think?
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How could we solve this problem?
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Should we just stop printing new money?
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Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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If you found this helpful check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com.
45
For more information, classroom exercises or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: dollar, supply, create, value, bank। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 45 वाक्य और 557 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:06 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 136 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा। इसके 45 वाक्यों में से 8 प्रश्न हैं, इसलिए यह प्रश्नों के लहजे और छोटे जवाबों के अभ्यास के लिए अच्छा है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 12 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
banker संज्ञा/ˈbæŋkəː/बैंकर
bureaucrat संज्ञा/ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/नौकरशाह, अफ़सर
loser संज्ञा/luzɚ/हारनेवाला
cryptocurrency संज्ञा/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/गुप्तमुद्रा
inflate क्रिया/ɪnˈfleɪt/फुलाना
unaware विशेषण/ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/अनजान, अनभिज्ञ
squeeze क्रिया/skwiːz/निचोड़ना, दबाना
investor संज्ञा/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/विनिधानकर्ता, निवेशक
borrow क्रिया/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/उधार लेना
mansion संज्ञा/ˈmæn.ʃən/हवेली, महल
approve क्रिया/əˈpɹuːv/अनुमोदन करना
classroom संज्ञा/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/कक्षा, अध्ययनकक्ष

दोहराने लायक वाक्य

वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:

  • Why do we keep printing more?
  • How could we solve this problem?
  • Should we just stop printing new money?

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, cryptocurrency /ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, woohoo /wuːˈhuː/, unaware /ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/, squeeze /skwiːz/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: loser /luzɚ/, squeeze /skwiːz/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: banker /ˈbæŋkəː/, bureaucrat /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/, mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर banker, bureaucrat, loser जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →