Prática de Shadowing: The Pygmalion Effect - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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The Pygmalion effect is the phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to higher performance. It can be best understood by a circle where our beliefs about another person's abilities influence our actions toward the other person. This action has an impact on the other's beliefs about themselves. The beliefs about themselves cause the others actions toward us, which again reinforce our beliefs about that person. And so on and on and on. Let's look at an example and start with your beliefs. Imagine you are the coach of a basketball team and you observe your team on the first day: Chris and Joe are new members of your team. Chris reminds you of a famous player. Joe reminds you of an annoying boy from your high school years. Unconsciously you decide what to expect of each one of them. Your beliefs influence your actions: when Chris enters the court you are happy to see him. When he plays you push him to do better, practice harder, stay an extra hour. If he makes a mistake you explained to him how to improve. When Joe comes in you hardly notice him. You're glad to see him score but you don't give him much feedback and don't invest extra time in his training.
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When Joe does a mistake you are a little annoyed.
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Your actions impact their beliefs about themselves: Chris feels you appreciate him and he appreciates you in return. He believes in his own success. Joe feels you have little patience and appreciation for him he does not believe in his own success. Their beliefs about themselves causes their actions toward you: Chris finds more and more joy and playing and he never misses a training session. During the games, he gives a hundred percent all the time. Joe finds less joy in playing than before and doesn't give his full effort in the games. He starts to miss the training sessions sometimes. Which reinforces your beliefs about them: you see how Chris enjoys playing, how he trains hard and shows a fast increase in his performance. Joe seems not to be very motivated, his skills don't increase as much and he starts to show up less. You knew it right away. Thank God your instincts were right!
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The Pygmalion effect is also known as the Rosenthal experiment named after a research of Robert Rosenthal at Harvard. In a first study, he challenged test subjects to coach rats through a maze. Half the group were told their rats were extremely intelligent and specifically trained, the other half were told that their rats were dumb. In fact the rats were all the same.
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During the experiment however the "smart" rats performed well better than the "dumb" ones. This showed how the expectations of the coaches influenced even the performance of rats.
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Rosenthal then did the Pygmalion in school study together with Lenore Jacobson: at the beginning of the school year a group of elementary school teachers were told that some of their new pupils had extraordinary talent and potential. This information which was completely made up was given about random average students in each class. All students had done the IQ test in advance. By the end of the year the students that were described as more talented had significantly increased their performance in the IQ tests compared to the rest of the class. Robert Rosenthal concluded: "When we expect certain behaviors of others we are likely to act in ways that make the expected behavior more likely to occur." what do you think about this theory? And if you believe it is there a way to prevent ourselves from being shaped by others in a negative way? If you like this video and the way we explain the subject subscribe to our channel. We try to explain complex subjects and simple language and cartoons to support students all around the world in their learning. If you want to support us you can go to www.patreon.com/sprouts and donate, just $1 from many fans makes a big difference!
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 6 frases e 677 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:21. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 156 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| belief substantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | crença |
| rat substantivo | /ɹæt/ | ratazana, rato |
| experiment substantivo | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | experimento, experiência |
| remind verbo | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | lembrar, recordar |
| expectation substantivo | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | espera, expectação |
| reinforce verbo | /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ | reforçar |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | ocorrer, acontecer |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
| skill substantivo | /skɪl/ | habilidade, talento |
| extraordinary adjetivo | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | extraordinário, extraordinária |
| elementary adjetivo | /ˌɛləˈmɛntəɹi/ | elementar |
| feedback substantivo | /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ | comentário, avaliação |
| invest verbo | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | investir |
| talented adjetivo | /ˈtæləntɪd/ | talentoso |
| intelligent adjetivo | /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ | inteligente |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is also known · were told |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | information which was |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar duas coisas | better than |
| Verbo + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbos seguidos da forma em -ing | enjoys playing |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, doesn't, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, elementary /ˌɛləˈmɛntəɹi/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como belief, rat, experiment.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.