Pratique du Shadowing: Linguistic Relativity: How Language Shapes Thought - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Linguistic relativity theory suggests that the languages we pick up and use influence how we see the world - the perception of our surroundings, our sense of time, our memories, our behavior, and even our sense of self.
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First, there’s our perception.
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Each language has different words to describe the things around us and these differences change the way we perceive these things.
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For example, an Italian might see objects as male or female, while an English speaker won’t —a phenomenon that extends to the perception of space.
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The Kuuk Thaayorre, an aboriginal tribe, does not use left or right in their language.
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Instead, they rely on cardinal directions: North, East, South, and West.
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They might say “Pass me the salt on the South-west of the pepper”.
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It's probably no coincidence that they have supernatural navigational skills.
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There is the sense of time.
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Because languages are written in different directions, people who write left to right will perceive the sequence of events accordingly.
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Speakers of Arabic and Hebrew might do so the other way around.
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In the Amele language in Papua New Guinea, there are 3 forms of past tense: Today’s past tense, yesterday’s, and remote past tense.
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To use the correct verb, speakers need to pay close attention to when something has happened — and hence may perceive the past in greater detail.
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Language also affects our Memories.
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In English, if a child breaks a vase accidentally, we may say “he broke the vase” — putting the responsibility on the kid.
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In Spanish people would say “El jarrón se rompió” or “The vase broke” — giving more credit to the environment — a small difference with big consequences.
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Studies show that speakers of languages like Spanish that tend to consider these kinds of events accidental are less likely to recall the people involved.
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In languages that emphasize an intention, the actors are remembered more clearly.
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And if things end up in court the accused is more likely to be found guilty, if the language used during the trial is active, like English.
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Then there is our behavior.
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Languages are often associated with culture, and with the context in which it was learned.
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As a result, those who speak various languages, access different parts of themselves.
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One study on Spanish-English bilinguals showed that people exhibit different personality traits when switching their language.
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When speaking English, subjects were more agreeable, but when they switched to Spanish they were more neurotic.
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And finally, our sense of self.
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The words we speak also influence how we feel about ourselves.
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Self-affirming language for example activates brain areas linked to reward and self-perception and can increase our confidence — an effect that extends to how we perceive pain.
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Bilinguals report greater levels of pain when they speak the language to which they relate the most.
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The theory: if one language represents a bigger part of their identity, they also perceive the sensations inside their body with greater intensity.
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With about 7000 languages all around us, nobody knows exactly how they affect our minds.
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But they certainly frame our thoughts and influence the way we look at the world.
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In Thai for example, the word for heart, 'jai', is woven into their language to describe a variety of human traits.
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Someone friendly is “jai dee”, literally a good heart.
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Someone that’s patient is “jai yen” a "cool heart " and someone generous, is “jai gwang” a "big heart”.
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As Benjamin Lee Whorf, the linguist behind the theory wrote: "Language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas, the program and guide for the individual's mental activity." So, if you ever learn a new language, remember: you're not just learning new words.
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You're opening your mind to a new way of seeing and interacting with the world.
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What do you think?
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Do you speak more than one language?
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And if so, do you feel like your behavior changes when you switch between them?
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Tell us your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!
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This video was brought to you by wiseone.io Wiseone is an all-in-one browser extension that offers a new way of reading and exploring information online.
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It consists of 5 useful features: Focus helps you understand complex concepts and words. Cross-check helps you access factual and reliable sources reporting on the same subject to get diverse perspectives.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Linguistic Relativity: How Language Shapes Thought ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : language, wiseone, perceive, English, word. Cette vidéo contient 48 phrases et 869 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:30. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 134 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| perceive verbe | /pɚˈsiv/ | percevoir |
| vase nom | /veɪ̯s/ | vase |
| tense nom | /tɛns/ | temps, temps verbal |
| bilingual adjectif | /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ | bilingue |
| trait nom | /tɹeɪt/ | trait |
| agreeable adjectif | /əˈɡɹiəbəl/ | agréable |
| deepen verbe | /ˈdiːpən/ | approfondir |
| linguist nom | /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ | linguiste |
| neurotic adjectif | /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ | névrotique, psychotique |
| relativity nom | /ɹɛl.əˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ | relativité |
| shaper nom | /ˈʃeɪpə(ɹ)/ | étau-limeur |
| simplify verbe | /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/ | simplifier |
| sprout nom | /spɹaʊt/ | pousse |
| summarize verbe | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | résumer, récapituler |
| takeaway nom | /ˈteɪkəweɪ/ | plat à emporter |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| pick up verbe | soulever |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are written · are remembered · be found |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who write · those who speak |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, won't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: shaper /ˈʃeɪpə(ɹ)/, sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: relativity /ɹɛl.əˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/, aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/, supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: factual /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/, aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/, supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, jar /d͡ʒɑː/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: trait /tɹeɪt/, agreeable /əˈɡɹiəbəl/, neurotic /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/, relativity /ɹɛl.əˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/, shaper /ˈʃeɪpə(ɹ)/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme perceive, vase, tense.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.