Prática de Shadowing: Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Once you start making more money, the easiest mistake is upgrading the wrong things.
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You end up spending because you can afford it, but there is a better way to spend.
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I spent years on Wall Street and as a CEO making tough calls about money.
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So I learned these lessons by getting it wrong a lot.
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Your next dollar has four possible jobs, Four categories worth upgrading immediately.
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And the last one has the worst financial return.
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And that one matters the most.
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Money actually can buy you happiness.
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Just not the way we think.
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In 2010, Nobel Prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman suggested that happiness has a ceiling.
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According to his research, when you reach $75 ,000 a year, more money doesn't seem to improve your day -to -day emotional well -being.
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And for more than a decade, everyone quoted that number.
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Except that it turns out we were all reading it wrong.
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So in 2023, Kahneman teamed up with another researcher and they both arrived at a surprising conclusion.
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For most people, more money does keep making life better.
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But the relationship between money and happiness is not a straight line.
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Let's say you get X amount of lift in your happiness by going from 40 ,000 to $80 ,000.
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Now the same lift will happen only when you go from 80 ,000 to $160 ,000.
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And then if you want a similar lift once again, then you have to go from 160 to 320 thousand dollars.
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So it just takes more and more money to provide the same hit.
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It seems like money behaves just like any drug.
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The economic principle here is called diminishing marginal utility.
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The next dollar has to work harder than the last one because it's worth less to you.
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I love ice cream so I know this well.
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Your fifth ice cream cone won't give you the same pleasure as your first one.
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Believe me, I've tried.
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So being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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If your net worth rises while your self -worth falls, you're just rich on paper.
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We want to talk about where will my next dollar create the most additional value for me?
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Can the additional money buy back your health, your time, your attention?
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Can it increase your future earning potential?
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Can it make your relationships, your experiences, and your actual life richer?
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I call it the 4S framework.
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So let's use this framework to figure out what is actually worth upgrading and why.
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First, stamina.
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What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
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What would that do to your career?
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But that's exactly what happens to most of us who work hard.
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We just don't know it.
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In one of those landmark sleep studies,
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two sleep Sleep researchers in Australia kept people awake through the night and repeatedly tested their reaction time and their coordination.
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Then they compared those results with people who had been drinking.
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By the end of the night, the sleep deprived group was performing as badly as the people who were drunk.
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And the longer they stayed awake, the worse it got.
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We all know that our ability to succeed depends on making sound decisions,
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which depends on how this machine up here works, our brain.
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Before you upgrade what you own, upgrade the machine that earns it.
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When you underspend in this category, you'll see the adverse effect in everything downstream.
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And the most important upgrade is your sleep habits.
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And I'm not good at this.
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I stay up late knowing I shouldn't, but also I don't have to wake up early in the morning anymore.
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There was a time when I used to get up in the morning and I would have this really bad back pain.
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And I remember spending days researching to find the right mattress and pillows combination.
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They were more expensive, but why skimp on that?
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You spend a third of your life in that bed, and that time decides the quality of the other two -thirds of your life when you're up.
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The underlying principle is to spend on things that improve the quality of your decisions.
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Now, the second principle is adjacent to.
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Spend money when it makes the right behavior easier.
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You can buy a good habit when you know that you won't build it yourself.
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For instance, let's say you already know that you should work out.
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You won't find time for it somehow.
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same here, but maybe you put a stake in the ground by spending more on a great gym
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that you will be more likely to go to.
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If that doesn't work, maybe you can hire a trainer who comes to you.
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They will show up even if you don't want to.
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So that's how you buy a good habit.
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And the third principle, spend on the bottleneck.
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I realized I would work all day long while sitting in chairs and couches.
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So I bought myself a standing desk.
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And I've always been able to work in messy rooms.
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It doesn't bother me.
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But I can't work when there's noise or music playing.
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So one upgrade that I made was a really good pair of noise -canceling headphones.
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They were more expensive than Apple's ear pods but to me finding the silence was priceless.
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Most people use money to upgrade their lifestyle.
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I think it's better to upgrade your capacity to live it and enjoy it.
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So that's our first S for stamina.
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You know my mentor used to say this a lot, if you want to make more money don't upgrade your lifestyle, upgrade your life skills.
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Long time ago I was trying to move into Wall Street.
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I had spent my career in technology and I was at a company
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that was acquired and it was a great exit and I thought I should do something different.
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Now I had an MBA but I had not paid attention to corporate finance courses when I was at MIT.
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That was something that I wasn't feeling very confident about.
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So I started taking courses for CFA certification and I started teaching myself how to build complex valuation models,
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how to analyze companies, how to read financial statements, and so on and so on.
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And I did that for a long time and then I started applying.
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And I got interviews from three very large banks and each one of them asked me about my experience.
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And I would just say, listen, I don't have a lot of experience in finance,
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so the best way is for you to give me a difficult financial modeling assignment.
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And I would then deliver it in three or four days.
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And I wasn't some insanely brilliant guy or anything.
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It's just that I had practiced it over and over again before I showed up for the interview.
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And then those years in investment banking helped me understand businesses at a macro level.
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And I was able to do C -level roles afterwards, leading to a CEO position, and then board seats.
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And the key principle here is this.
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Invest in foundational skills that bring you recurring benefits.
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Finance 101, communications, negotiations, time management.
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The best skills don't pay you once, they keep paying you forever.
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So spend your money upgrading those.
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And you know, in the future that's heading our way,
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the biggest differentiator for you will be your constant ability to learn new skills
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because AI will keep commoditizing a lot of skills you have already built today.
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So you have to keep evolving.
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You have to keep adapting.
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The important question that you can ask every month is this.
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What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
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That's where your money should be invested.
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Every six months, create a learning budget,
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both in terms of money and time take courses online or join an evening school or learn from mentors.
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You know, one of the best upgrades that I made in my life was my mentors.
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When I became the CEO, I found a mentor who had just retired after building a company worth $60 billion.
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So just one conversation with him across the table was able to give me perspectives
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that I wouldn't have been able to discover for myself for years to come.
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The best thing you can buy is something no one can take away from you.
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And now we go to the third job, security.
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The richer you get, the more expensive your mistakes become.
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Making money and keeping money require totally different skills.
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In 2021, everybody was talking about this hedge fund called Archegos, and they were riding high.
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They had a portfolio of stocks that looked so spectacularly successful.
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Tens of billions of dollars.
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But there was one problem.
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Most of that portfolio was financed with borrowed money.
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It's called leverage in finance.
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So when a few of those stocks in the fund started going south, the fund could not meet the margin calls.
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And banks rushed to sell the collateral.
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The entire enterprise collapsed within days.
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Credit Suisse lost $5 .5 billion dollars.
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Never recovered.
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So here's the principle that I always remember.
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Wealth is often billed by making smart huge bets, but it's preserved by making smart hedges.
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When I was a teen, I ran away from my house and I was homeless for a
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while and I know what zero feels like
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and maybe that's why once I finally build some financial distance
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from zero I've always asked one question what could send me back there
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and you have to hedge against three key risks first concentration I had a personal
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and painful experience with this risk I I held a large position in a single stock.
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And the stock went from $19 to $140.
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And my advisor started telling me, hey, you gotta implement some hedging strategies to protect the downside.
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But I was so bullish, and I didn't do anything about it.
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And when the fall came, man, it came so fast and furious.
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We had no time to adjust and recover.
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So, once you have real savings, upgrade the savings by diversifying and hedging your risks.
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Keep enough emergency funds so if a market crash happens or there's a job loss or you've had a bad year,
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it doesn't force you to take more risks.
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Those extra dollars should buy you peace of mind.
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Second, constraints.
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Now, this is another upgrade in terms of security that I learned late in my life.
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I call it the BATNA fund.
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BATNA is a term that I learned from negotiators.
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Your better alternative to negotiated agreement.
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BATNA.
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Or simply put, your ability to have a better option in your back pocket when you're negotiating the current one.
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So I was able to walk away from a job for example
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that didn't excite me because I had saved enough money to get through six
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or nine months of job search upgrade your batna fund
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and finally complexity once your finances become meaningfully more complex it's
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a good idea to upgrade to a tax accountant for example
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or even hire a financial planner They can help you work through your choices.
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A good attorney can also make sense
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because you can then take care of your estate plan
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and you should always have an estate plan because that's your way to provide security to those you love.
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A very good friend of mine who's a CEO of a
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very large company in LA lost his entire house including all the furniture to the fires in Los Angeles
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and he and his family had to rebuild their entire life from scratch.
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But he had planned his life well.
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He had allocated his extra money for those specific risks so he didn't have to start back from zero.
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But stuff like that can happen to any of us and that's why upgrading your financial security is the best move.
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Now once you've done that, there is one final question left.
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What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
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This last upgrade has the worst financial returns.
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And that's the best part.
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That's our fourth S.
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Soul.
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Being rich and living a life that's rich in meaning are two entirely different things.
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And there are three places where an upgrade to make your life genuinely richer makes sense.
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The first is for yourself.
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Spend money on things you love.
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Things that truly light you up.
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Music, painting, cooking, golf, photography, whatever it is.
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I was trained in Indian classical music.
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When I got to a point when I could afford it, I paid for the courses at Berklee School of Music in Boston.
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Because I wanted to learn about Western principles of harmony and melody and I got to learn from a world -class faculty.
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I learned how they think about music, how they feel about music, how they see music.
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And those courses are expensive, but those lessons enriched my life in so many ways.
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It was an amazing experience.
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You can find and fund your amazing experiences the same way.
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It's part of being generous toward your own self.
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The second upgrade is for the people you love.
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There is an old quip I heard somewhere.
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A seeker asks a wise man, what matters more in life, the journey or the destination?
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And the wise man says, neither.
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What matters is the person you travel with.
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In 1938, Harvard researchers started following hundreds of people across their entire adult life.
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They tracked their careers, health, marriages, failures, successes, everything.
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That study, by the way, is still running today, almost 90 years later.
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Years into the research, they asked a simple question.
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What factors in our midlife best predicts our happiness and health when we're 80?
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One factor stood out again and again, the quality of our relationships.
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The people who were more satisfied in their relationships at 50 were the healthiest at 80.
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So invest your time and money for those who care about you.
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Have dinner with your life partner.
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Go see a Broadway show together.
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Take long walks.
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And same for the family.
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Take your kids somewhere they'll remember.
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Create the moment that becomes a story.
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Because that's all you're going to remember later.
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When you can afford to upgrade your life, please upgrade your generosity for others as well.
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Help a stranger.
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Support something you believe in.
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Volunteer.
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Build someone so they can believe in themselves.
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And it doesn't have to be just money, right?
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It could be your time.
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So that's the framework.
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Stamina, skills, security, and soul.
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And now you can go ahead and make your own list of upgrades that fit into these categories.
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You know one of my favorite movies is Arrival and at its heart it asks a really hard and almost heartbreaking question.
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If you knew something would eventually end would you still choose to go ahead with it?
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You may have your own answer but my answer is yes, of course.
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The value of life or relationship does not come from its permanence.
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Our time here is brief, we know that, but that brevity doesn't reduce its beauty.
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Maybe that's the ultimate upgrade.
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Using what you have to build a life that matters to you.
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Thank you and I love you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Once You Get Money, Upgrade These 8 Things Immediately”. Este vídeo tem 225 frases e 2542 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 19:07. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 133 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| hedge substantivo | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | sebe, cerca viva |
| mentor substantivo | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | mentor |
| stamina substantivo | /ˈstæmənə/ | estamina, vigor |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| negotiate verbo | /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ | negociar |
| awake verbo | /əˈweɪk/ | acordar, despertar |
| portfolio substantivo | /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ | porta-fólio, portfólio |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender |
| allocate verbo | /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ | alocar |
| bottleneck substantivo | gargalo | |
| brevity substantivo | /ˈbɹɛvɪti/ | brevidade |
| constraint substantivo | /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ | coação, compulsão |
| deprive verbo | /dɪˈpɹaɪv/ | privar |
| diminish verbo | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | diminuir |
| diversify verbo | /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ | diversificar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar | |
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir | |
| go ahead verbo | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vai em frente |
| turn out verbo | terminar | |
| wake up verbo | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | acordar, despertar |
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Can it increase your future earning potential?
- What if you showed up at work completely drunk?
- What would that do to your career?
- What skill gap is currently costing me the most?
- What exactly are you protecting all of this for?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — um hábito ou estado do passado que não é mais verdade | used to get · used to say |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is called · were drunk · was acquired |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've tried · I've always been · have already built |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | people who had · people who were · those who care |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 37 contrações e formas reduzidas, como doesn't, don't, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, awake /əˈweɪk/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, allocate /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/, constraint /kənˈstɹeɪnt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: foundational /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/, collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, marginal /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hedge /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/, headphones /ˈhɛdfoʊnz/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, harmony /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como hedge, mentor, stamina.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.