シャドーイング練習: The Health Belief Model - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

So the health belief model was one of the original models

in behavior change coming out of the United States public health services in the 1950s.

And this model really tried to kind of reconcile, you know, people know what they should be doing to be healthy, but they're not doing it.

Why is that?

So it started to kind of look more at what are some of the beliefs

that are locked in to affecting someone's ability

or desire i should say to change their behavior

so what they specifically argue is that our belief in the threat of an illness

so how bad is it to really get obesity am i

really worried about becoming obese am i really worried about getting

diabetes am i really worried about getting lung cancer plus our belief in the effectiveness of a proposed behavior

so okay let's say i am worried about getting lung cancer

is quitting smoking really going to make a difference well yes the answer is yes um

but a better example here is if i

if i really don't want to develop obesity is physical activity really going to be effective for

that is it actually worth the effort do i care enough about the risk

and is it do i really think

that the effort of physical activity is going to make a difference okay

so there's several theoretical constructs to this this model some

that were part of its original iteration and some

that were added later like later in added in later okay

so the kind of people's perceptions around their susceptibility to disease how severe

that disease is and what are the perceived barriers and benefits to

that activity that's part of the original theoretical framework

and then certain modifying variables like demographics or um or race

or health inequities those can play in plus is there any

like cue to action like is there something else like sparking me to to do this as well

and of course self -efficacy too okay so they argued

that some of those things

that i just talked about are going to speak to someone's really desire to be to not well desire to

but also their actual engagement

so i'm talking about the intention here we're talking more of are they going to do it

or not right so they argued that like i said how susceptible people feel

that they actually are to that disease

so for instance let's say let's go back to obesity this is a good example here

so let's say someone has just a lean figure

and their family all were lean their family never exercised

and all always ate a lot

but they were just they just have lean genetics okay

so their perceived susceptibility to obesity is going to be really low

so if you're trying to motivate them to to exercise you know

and they're like

but i'm by by saying like oh it'll reduce your risk

of obesity that's not going to do anything for them

because they're like but i'm not going to get it anyway right

so it depends on how much they believe that they could actually develop

that and do they think it's a big deal

if they do get it right some people are like well

if i get diabetes there's drugs for that if I get cardiovascular disease

or by the time I get cancer there will be a cure for it there's people

that believe these things right so we have to be aware of

that and of course their perceived benefits and barriers

and things like their psychology their demographics these are all these modifying variables

that can affect their motivation can affect all these other things we just talked about as well

when it comes to cue to action this might be something

that actually like bypasses all the rest so for instance

if someone maybe doesn't really care to exercise for anything else

but like all their friends have started exercising

and you know it's become a cool thing to do with their friend group

that is a cue to action and it doesn't

and i don't even have to worry about any of these other things

because i kind of bypass that with a cue to action okay

so again this is one of those other behavior change theories

that looks at some of the reasons why people don't change

and again as health promoters we might want to look at

that right so again if we're motivating with like motivating people as far as like okay

if you do this you're not going to get a disease

we might have to think about like do they care do they actually think

that engaging this behavior is going to make a difference right

Or maybe we have to use another behavior change model with them.

So we'll look at another one, the trans -theoretical model of change, in the next module.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Health Belief Model」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：behavior, model, obesity, disease, cue。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が71文、単語が836語あります。音声の長さは4:36です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約182語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語14語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
obesity 名詞	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥満, 肥大
motivate 動詞	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	動機を与える
perceive 動詞	/pɚˈsiv/	知覚する, 認める
theoretical 形容詞	/ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/	理論的な
bypass 名詞	/ˈbaɪpæs/	迂回路, バイパス
reconcile 動詞	/ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/	和解させる, 仲直りさせる
obese 形容詞	/oʊˈbis/	肥満
efficacy 名詞	/ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/	有効性
cardiovascular 形容詞	/ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/	心臓血管
genetics 名詞	/dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/	遺伝学
module 名詞	/ˈmɑd͡ʒul/	モジュール
construct 動詞	/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/	建設する, 建てる
spark 名詞	/ˈspɑɹk/	火花, 火の粉
propose 動詞	/pɹəˈpəʊz/	申し込む

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, I'm, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を17回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪlɪti/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, inequity /ɪnˈɛkwɪti/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, reconcile /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: modify /ˈmɑ.dɪˌfaɪ/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, efficacy /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。obesity, motivate, perceiveなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

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