跟讀練習: The Health Belief Model - 通過影片學習英語口語

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71 句

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So the health belief model was one of the original models

因此，健康信念模型是最早的模型之一。

in behavior change coming out of the United States public health services in the 1950s.

這源自20世紀50年代美國公共衛生服務體系推行的行為變革運動。

And this model really tried to kind of reconcile, you know, people know what they should be doing to be healthy, but they're not doing it.

而這個模型確實試圖解釋這樣一個矛盾：人們明明知道保持健康應該做些什麼，卻並沒有付諸行動。

Why is that?

這是為什麼？

So it started to kind of look more at what are some of the beliefs

於是它開始更深入地探究那些信念究竟是什麼。

that are locked in to affecting someone's ability

這些因素會持續影響一個人的能力發揮

or desire i should say to change their behavior

或者說，是希望他們改變自己的行為。

so what they specifically argue is that our belief in the threat of an illness

因此，他們具體提出的論點是，我們對某種疾病威脅的認知

so how bad is it to really get obesity am i

所以，真的患上肥胖症到底有多嚴重啊？

really worried about becoming obese am i really worried about getting

我真的很擔心自己會變胖，我是不是真的在害怕發胖啊

diabetes am i really worried about getting lung cancer plus our belief in the effectiveness of a proposed behavior

我真正擔心的是患上糖尿病和肺癌，再加上我們對某一擬議行為的有效性抱有信念。

so okay let's say i am worried about getting lung cancer

is quitting smoking really going to make a difference well yes the answer is yes um

but a better example here is if i

if i really don't want to develop obesity is physical activity really going to be effective for

that is it actually worth the effort do i care enough about the risk

and is it do i really think

that the effort of physical activity is going to make a difference okay

so there's several theoretical constructs to this this model some

that were part of its original iteration and some

that were added later like later in added in later okay

so the kind of people's perceptions around their susceptibility to disease how severe

that disease is and what are the perceived barriers and benefits to

that activity that's part of the original theoretical framework

and then certain modifying variables like demographics or um or race

or health inequities those can play in plus is there any

like cue to action like is there something else like sparking me to to do this as well

and of course self -efficacy too okay so they argued

that some of those things

that i just talked about are going to speak to someone's really desire to be to not well desire to

but also their actual engagement

so i'm talking about the intention here we're talking more of are they going to do it

or not right so they argued that like i said how susceptible people feel

that they actually are to that disease

so for instance let's say let's go back to obesity this is a good example here

so let's say someone has just a lean figure

and their family all were lean their family never exercised

and all always ate a lot

but they were just they just have lean genetics okay

so their perceived susceptibility to obesity is going to be really low

so if you're trying to motivate them to to exercise you know

and they're like

but i'm by by saying like oh it'll reduce your risk

of obesity that's not going to do anything for them

because they're like but i'm not going to get it anyway right

so it depends on how much they believe that they could actually develop

that and do they think it's a big deal

if they do get it right some people are like well

if i get diabetes there's drugs for that if I get cardiovascular disease

or by the time I get cancer there will be a cure for it there's people

that believe these things right so we have to be aware of

that and of course their perceived benefits and barriers

and things like their psychology their demographics these are all these modifying variables

that can affect their motivation can affect all these other things we just talked about as well

when it comes to cue to action this might be something

that actually like bypasses all the rest so for instance

if someone maybe doesn't really care to exercise for anything else

but like all their friends have started exercising

and you know it's become a cool thing to do with their friend group

that is a cue to action and it doesn't

and i don't even have to worry about any of these other things

because i kind of bypass that with a cue to action okay

so again this is one of those other behavior change theories

that looks at some of the reasons why people don't change

and again as health promoters we might want to look at

that right so again if we're motivating with like motivating people as far as like okay

if you do this you're not going to get a disease

we might have to think about like do they care do they actually think

that engaging this behavior is going to make a difference right

Or maybe we have to use another behavior change model with them.

So we'll look at another one, the trans -theoretical model of change, in the next module.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“The Health Belief Model”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：behavior, model, obesity, disease, cue。這段影片共有 71 個句子、836 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:36。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 182 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
obesity 名詞	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥胖, 肥胖症
motivate 動詞	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	激發
perceive 動詞	/pɚˈsiv/	察覺 /察覺, 感知
theoretical 形容詞	/ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/	理論 /理論
modify 動詞	/ˈmɑ.dɪˌfaɪ/	修改
iteration 名詞	/ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/	疊代 /疊代, 迭代
reconcile 動詞	/ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/	調和 /調和
promoter 名詞	/pɹəˈmoʊtɚ/	啟動子 /啟動子
obese 形容詞	/oʊˈbis/	肥胖
efficacy 名詞	/ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/	功效, 效力
cardiovascular 形容詞	/ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/	心血管
genetics 名詞	/dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/	遺傳學 /遺傳學
module 名詞	/ˈmɑd͡ʒul/	模組 /模組
construct 動詞	/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/	建造, 建設 /建設
spark 名詞	/ˈspɑɹk/	火花

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 17 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'm, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪlɪti/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, inequity /ɪnˈɛkwɪti/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/, obese /oʊˈbis/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, reconcile /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 obesity, motivate, perceive 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: The Health Belief Model - 通過影片學習英語口語

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？