シャドーイング練習: Variador de Frecuencia Explicado - Conceptos Básicos del VFD Inversor de IGBT - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hello everyone, Paul from EngineeringMindset.com.

In this video we are going to see the VFD, starting with the basic to understand how they work.

Remember that electricity is dangerous and can be fatal.

They must be trained and competent to carry out any electrical work.

If you work in HVAC, then you need to review the inverter's compresors that have been patrocinated this video.

When they use it in combination with the variable speed, like the VFD, that we are covering in the video of today, they make that all your unit HVAC is more efficient,

earning money to you and your clients.

If you want to know more, Danfoss has several capacities in line and stories of cases to consult.

You can find them using the link in the description below.

VFD are the English sign in English of a frequency and they are similar to this.

Also, they could also call the velocity of speed because they use them to control the velocity of a motor of CA.

We find the CAA and VFD used in all industries, especially the HVAC.

For example, we can find the use of the velocity of a compressor in a refrigeration system,

which allows exactly the demand of refrigeration and that result in an important ahorro of energy.

Traditionally, we would have had to use compressors fixed speed that simply open and apagant, resulting in a poor control.

We also found them used to control things like bombs and ventilators in systems of HVAC to allow us to gain energy, improve the energy and control.

The VFD is connected to the electric energy in the motors.

The unit can vary the frequency of electricity

that is used to accionar the motor and we can control the speed of rotation of the motor.

Therefore, we have our frequency variable.

To understand how a VFD works, first we need to understand some basic fundamentals of electricity.

There are two types of electricity and the first one is the CD or the direct current.

This is the most simple type and we get from batteries, panels, solar, etc. You can imagine the CD as a river with a water that flows in one direction.

With the direct current, the electron only flows in a single direction.

I am using the current current current, which is negative to positive, but you may be used to see the conventional current current, which is positive to negative.

The current current current is what really is happening.

The conventional theory was the original theory.

Only we have to take into account the two theories and the one we are using.

For that electricity flow, we need to complete the circuit.

The electricity always tries to return to its source.

When we use a oscilloscope to look at the shape of the electrician for the direct current current, we obtain this plane plane at maximum voltage in the positive region.

If we cut the energy, the line falls to zero.

If we turn and open repeatedly, we obtain a square pattern between zero and maximum.

If we press the interruptor to open and close during different time periods, then we obtain a pulsant pattern.

The other type of electricity is the CA or the alternative.

This type of electricity is the one that will be obtained from your houses and places of work.

With this type of electricity, the electrones inside the copper cable are constantly investing and flow towards the back, towards the back, towards the back,

etc. It can be considered this type of electricity as the sea of the sea that flows between two points maximum, the high and low.

If we follow the copper cables to the generator, the cables are connected to the bobinas that are inside the generator.

In a basic generator we also find an imane in the center that is girly.

The imane has a north and a south, or you can think of it as half positive and half negative.

The electrones of the lamp are charged negatively.

As you know, the imanes push or attract depending on the polarity.

As soon as the iman turns out, the mid-sponsors and negative sides will push and attract the electrones inside the copper copper and also through cables connected.

The magnetic field of the magnetic field varies in intensity.

We can see the magnetic field of magnetic field radiating some of the iron iron iron on the iron.

So as the magnetic field of magnetic field of magnetic field, this will experience a change in the magnetic field of magnetic field from zero to its maximum intensity and then,

as it passes through the magnetic field, will continue to zero.

Then the negative is the electron to the same change of intensity.

Therefore, each of the whole rotation of the imán will produce this pattern of the unknown as the xenoid.

The voltage is constant in this type of electricity and in its place it moves repeatedly from 0 to 0, from 0 to 0, then from 0 to 0,

and finally from 0 to 0 again.

The frequency refers to how many times this wave of Xenoidal is repeated by second.

In North America and in other parts of the world, we find electricity of 60 Hz in the current time, which means that the wave of Xenoidal is repeated 60 times per second,

and as each wave has half positive and half negative, this means that its polarity will invert, so 120 times per second.

In the rest of the world we have more electricity of 50 Hz, so the wave of xenoidal is repeated 50 times per second, and therefore the current is inverted 100 times per second.

We also have electricity monofasic and trifasic.

With the monofasic we have a connection to one single phase of a generator, so we have a single wave of xenoidal.

But with the electric wave of xenoidal we have a connection to the three phases.

The fases are bobinas of wire that are placed in the generator at 120 degrees of distance from the previous.

This means that the bobinas experiment the peak of magnetic magnetic giratory in different moments.

This gives us three phases, each one with a different sound of a different light, slightly synchronized from the previous.

Remember that the electricity wants to return to its source in a closed circuit.

As the current flows forward, we can move forward to the front and back in a different moment.

Any excess will flow the neutro back to the source if necessary, and that is only if it is balanced.

With the monofasica we have these large spaces between the picos, but with trifasica, these can be combined to fill the spaces and, therefore, give more energy.

In North America, there is a phase phase divided in residential installations, and these have two cables energetically and one neutro.

This is a monofasic supply that divide by half in the transformer.

We covered this with great detail.

echa un vistazo a esto en los enlaces de abajo

instalamos el vfd en la fuente de alimentación de un motor

de tea normalmente es una fuente trifásica para la mayoría de las aplicaciones voy a colorear estas fases en rojo,

amarillo y azul porque creo que es más fácil de ver pero cada país utiliza un código de color diferente, solo ten en cuenta esto

las tres fases entran en el vfd y se conectan al rectificador el rectificador consiste en múltiples diodos conectados en paralelo

The diodes only allow the electricity to flow in one direction and block your return in the opposite direction.

As the CA is going forward and back, we control the path that can take and this gives us a break of CD in brut.

The electricity of CD in brut.

The second part is the filter of CD.

This is a filter that uses capacitors and inductors to suave the CD rectified in a voltage of CD limp, suave and constant.

The filter is liberating electrons during the intervals to suave the ondulation.

The suave CD is then flowing to the final section, which is the inversor.

The inverter consists of a number of electrical interruptions, known as IGBTs.

These are open and turn in pairs to control the flow of electricity.

Controlando the way that takes electricity and how long it flows in different paths, we can produce electricity from the CD from the source of CD.

Let's see now in detail each part.

We will consider the first part of the VFD, which is the rectificator.

In this part, we have 6 LEDs in parallel.

We call them from 1 to 6 of the following way.

Each of the three phases is connected to a pair of LEDs.

As we know, the electricity needs to return to its source to complete the circuit, so in this configuration, the current will flow through the charge and will return to the source using another phase.

You can do this because the current in each phase is flowing towards the front and back in different moments.

We will see this in detail in a moment.

The charge can be anything, a lamp, a motor or a complete circuit.

In this case, it will only represent the rest of our VFD circuit.

The electricity will be alternated in the phase of supply, but the diode will only leave the phase of the peak and block the other, so I'll show you these.

Let's see this in action.

1. The phase 1 is the first.

This is the first.

It enters and only can flow in one direction, which is through the diode 1.

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Luego pasa a través de la carga.

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Una vez que la corriente pasa a través de la carga

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tendrá que volver a la fuente y como la fase 2 está en la mitad negativa de su ciclo, la corriente fluirá a través del diodo 6 a la fase 2.

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2. En el siguiente segmento vemos que la corriente sigue fluyendo en la fase 1 y el diodo 1, pero ahora la fase 3 está en su mitad negativa,

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por lo que la corriente cambia y el flujo vuelve a pasar por esta fase a través del diodo 2.

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3. In the next segment, the phase 2 is close to its peak, so the current now flows in this phase through the 3.

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Then, it flows through the charge and returns through the phase 3 through the 2.

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In the next segment, the current continues flowing in the phase 2 through the 3, but the phase 1 is now in its peak,

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so the current will flow through the 4 back to the phase 1.

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5. In the next segment we see that phase 3 is now approaching the positive phase, so that the current flow through this phase through the 5,

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then flow through the charge and then return through the 4 to the phase 1.

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6. Finally, the current goes through the phase 3 through the 5, through the 5, and then return to the phase 2 through the 6.

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This cycle is repeated constantly in this way.

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The oscilloscope of the tricycle of the tricycle of the charge

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shows three of the sine of sine of the power to the electrician of the CEA, but the oscilloscope of the charge shows this electrician of direct current in brutto with some of the ondulations.

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Now we have to suave those rizos to clean the electrician of direct current current.

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For this, we connect a capacitor between the positive and the negative.

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This capacitor is like a tank of almacenamiento and absorber the electron

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when there is an excess and inject the electron when there is a reduction.

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This will be able to use the electricity of CD in a smooth and agradable signal in the oscilloscope.

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We have covered the capacitors with great detail.

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Echale a look at the video in the lower part.

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Now that we have the CD limp, we are ready to turn it again in CEA control with precision and variable frequency.

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For why we need an inverter.

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An inverter is basically a number of IGBTs that are interruptors that can encend and be very quickly.

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I will illustrate them using simple interruptors instead of IGBTs to make more easy visualizations.

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I will enumerate these interruptors in the following way.

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For obtain our three phases, we need to open and close the interruptors in pairs to direct the flow of current to form our supply and return.

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So, the power connected will experience the alternate current.

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Remember that the CEA is when the current is inverted.

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So, if we take a lamp and connect a few interruptors and a source of energy direct energy, we can control the direction of the current current through the lamp,

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opening and closing the interruptors in the correct order.

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Therefore, the lamp experiment a alternate current, although it comes from a source of direct current current.

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For the suministro trifásico we program the interruptor for simulate three phases.

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Let's see how this cycle works.

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First, we call 1 and 6.

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This will make the phase 1 to the phase 2.

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Then we call 1 and 2.

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This will make the phase 1 to the phase 3.

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Then we call 3 and 2.

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This will make the phase 2 and 3.

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Then we call 3 and 4.

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This will make the phase 2 and 1.

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Luego cerramos los interruptores 5 y 4, esto nos dará la fase 3 y 1.

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Luego cerramos los interruptores 5 y 6, esto nos dará la fase 3 y 2.

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Este ciclo se repite una y otra vez así.

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Si revisamos esto con el osciloscopio, ahora tendremos un patrón de onda que se parece a la CEA, excepto que es un poco cuadrado.

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This will work well for some applications, but not for all, so how can we improve it?

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Remember that before in the video I told you

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that we can open and close the interruptor at different velocities and durations to change the shape of the wave.

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We can also do that for this.

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What we do is use the controlador to open and close the interruptors several times per cycle in a pattern of pulsos.

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Each pulse varies in length.

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This is known as modulation of length.

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The cycle is divided in multiple segments smaller.

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Each segment has a total amount of current that could flow, but when we push the interruptors quickly control the amount of flow that occurs in each segment.

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This will be as a result a average average current that we see increase and decrease, giving us a pattern of onda.

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Therefore, the charge will experiment a xenoid.

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Cuantos más segmentos tengamos más cerca imitará la onda senoidal.

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Podemos controlar el voltaje de salida controlando cuánto tiempo están cerrados los interruptores,

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así que podríamos por ejemplo dar salida a 240 o 120 voltios recortando los tiempos de apertura y cierre.

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Podemos controlar la frecuencia controlando el tiempo de los interruptores, así que podríamos por ejemplo dar salida a 60,

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50 o 30 Hz, lo que sea necesario para la aplicación.

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Remember that when we control the frequency, we control the velocity of rotation of the motor.

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So, back to our VFD circuit, we use the controlador to open and close the interruptors to vary the frequency and the voltage of the output.

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So, combinando the rectifier, the filter and the inversor, we obtain our frequency variable, which can be used to control the velocity of electric motors

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and make possible the cost of energy in all types of systems.

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Well, this is all for this video, but for continuing your learning, see one of our videos on the screen and see you in the next lesson.

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Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, as well as EngineeringMindset.com.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Variador de Frecuencia Explicado - Conceptos Básicos del VFD Inversor de IGBT」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：current, phase, electricity, flow, interruptor。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が168文、単語が2611語あります。音声の長さは14:59です。話す速さは1分あたり約174語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は74%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
velocity 名詞	/vəˈlɑsəti/	速度
generator 名詞	/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/	発電機
lamp 名詞	/ˈlæ̝mp/	ランプ, 明かり
capacitor 名詞	/kəˈpæ.sə.tɚ/	コンデンサ, キャパシタ
electrician 名詞	/ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/	電気技師, 電気工
oscilloscope 名詞	/əˈsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/	オシロスコープ
electron 名詞	/ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/	電子
voltage 名詞	/ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/	電圧
diode 名詞	/ˈdaɪ.oʊd/	ダイオード
invert 動詞	/ɪnˈvɜɹt/	反転
rotation 名詞	/ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/	回転, 自転
compressor 名詞	/kəmˈpɹɛ.sə(ɹ)/	圧縮機, コンプレッサー
limp 動詞	/lɪmp/	足を引きずる
polarity 名詞	/pəˈlæɹɪti/	極性
refrigeration 名詞		冷却, 冷凍

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
carry out 動詞	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	行う, 実行する

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

Let's see now in detail each part.
Let's see this in action.
Let's see how this cycle works.

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	must be trained · have been patrocinated · is connected
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	current, which is · time, which means · section, which is
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have been patrocinated · have covered

注意したい発音

「sh」と「zh」の音: electrician /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/, interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/, modulation /ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, capacitor /kəˈpæ.sə.tɚ/, electrician /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/, oscilloscope /əˈsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: electrician /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/, electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/, polarity /pəˈlæɹɪti/, tricycle /ˈtɹaɪsɪkəl/, liberate /ˈlɪbəˌɹeɪt/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: suave /swɑv/, velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, invert /ɪnˈvɜɹt/, inverter /ɪnˈvɝt.ɚ/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。velocity, generator, lampなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Variador de Frecuencia Explicado - Conceptos Básicos del VFD Inversor de IGBT - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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