쉐도잉 연습: 3 grammar rules that you don’t need to follow anymore - Arika Okrent - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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In 1954, Winston Cigarettes launched an ad so controversial broadcasters refused to say it on the air.
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In 1954, Winston Cigarettes launched an ad so controversial broadcasters refused to say it on the air.
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But the uproar had nothing to do with the dangerous product being advertised— people were appalled by the ad’s grammar.
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Specifically, using “like” as a conjunction instead of “as.” Grammatical incidents like this have caused outrage in various regions and languages for centuries.
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But while we know people take grammar seriously, what’s less clear is, why?
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Where do these seemingly random rules come from?
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And which, if any, actually matter?
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The answers to these questions vary from rule to rule, so let’s look at three particularly famous English examples.
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First up, the idea that you should never end a sentence with a preposition.
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Prepositions are small, common words like with, on, for, or to, that often come before nouns.
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So, for example, a grammar stickler would consider “where does this rule come from?” incorrect, preferring instead, “from where does this rule come?” This rule comes from 18th century England, when etiquette was all the rage.
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And amidst countless guides on how to act properly, grammarians flooded the market with books on how to speak properly.
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Many of the rules in these guides were taken from Latin— a language that was commonly used for written scholarship.
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But no one had spoken Latin conversationally in 1,000 years, and imposing its rules on speech was awkward to say the least.
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The rule to never strand a preposition without a noun was one such revived relic.
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And while the scholars who proposed it presented the idea as a stylistic choice, subsequent writers turned their suggestion into a hard rule.
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Other rules have origins that are perhaps less arbitrary, but significantly more petty.
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Consider the idea that you should use “fewer” when referring to countable nouns— like water bottles— and “less” when referring to nouns we don’t count— like water.
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This rule comes from another 18th century grammarian called Robert Baker, who, for reasons unknown, believed “less” was inelegant when used with countable nouns.
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This might seem strange, but people today wage similar wars on so-called lesser language, such as “like” or “literally.” Besides, Baker's preference was part of a larger craze for codifying English.
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For centuries after the Norman Conquest in 1066, French was the language of nobility in England, while English was seen as the language of commoners.
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While the English had long reclaimed their kingdom by Baker’s time, this insecurity lingered in the hearts of many English grammarians.
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In fact, Baker also wanted King George to establish an Academy of Letters with 50 officials to protect the English language.
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That’s ten more officials than were employed in France’s grammar guard— L’Académie Française.
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Many English grammar rules have similarly silly origins, such as efforts to distinguish “over” from “more than,” or our attachment to Latin plurals like fungi and formulae.
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The stakes of all these grammatical debates are mostly academic.
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But one frequently discussed rule does have some real-world consequences.
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For centuries, “they” has been used in classic literature and everyday speech as both a plural and a singular pronoun.
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And today, many non-binary and transgender individuals prefer to use “they/them” as singular pronouns to refer to themselves.
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19th century grammarians, however, believed that “they” should be an exclusively plural pronoun.
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Furthermore, in cases where “they” could be used as a singular pronoun, they argued the word should be swapped for the generic “he.” This was an obviously patriarchal decision, and during the 1970s, activists eventually convinced some usage guides to begin using “he or she.” But today, this quibble continues to cause confusion, even though most official grammar guides have accepted “they” as both a singular and plural pronoun.
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This isn’t the first time we’ve had this kind of pronoun predicament.
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For centuries, “you” was also considered an exclusively plural pronoun, and yet today it's completely accepted in singular situations.
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And that’s because grammar isn’t a hard science— it’s something we all build together to reflect the people using it.
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So however strange a rule's origins may be, the usage we choose to respect today is far from arbitrary.
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맥락과 배경

최근 언어 학습에 대한 논의가 활발해진 가운데, 아리카 옥렌트의 영상은 문법 규칙에 대한 편견과 그 유래를 재조명합니다. 문법 규칙이 어떻게 형성되고 왜 여전히 중요하게 여겨지는지에 대해 다양한 역사적 배경을 통해 설명합니다. 예를 들어, 18세기 영국에서의 문법 규범과 그것이 현대 언어 사용에 미친 영향을 생각해보면, 우리는 영어 발음 교정과 문법을 이해하는 데 더 나아갈 수 있습니다. 이런 맥락에서 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 실제 대화에서 자연스럽게 사용하는 표현들을 익혀보는 것이 중요합니다.

일상 대화를 위한 5가지 주요 표현

  • “이 규칙은 어디에서 왔나요?” - "Where does this rule come from?"
  • “언어는 모두가 함께 만들어가는 것입니다.” - "Grammar isn’t a hard science; it’s something we all build together."
  • “그들은 단수로 사용할 수 있습니다.” - "They can be used as a singular pronoun."
  • “'적게'와 '더 적게'의 사용 규칙” - "The rule about using 'less' and 'fewer'."
  • “그러나 우리는 변화를 수용해야 합니다.” - "But we must be open to change."

이러한 표현들은 영어 회화 연습에 유용하며, 실제 대화에서 다양하게 응용할 수 있습니다.

단계별 쉐도잉 가이드

아리카 옥렌트의 영상을 통해 영어 회화를 연습하고자 한다면, 쉐도잉 기법을 활용해 보세요. 쉐도잉은 듣고 말하는 능력을 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법입니다.

  1. 영상 선택: 위의 영상을 보고 문법 규칙에 대한 내용을 이해합니다.
  2. 초기 청취: 전체 내용을 한 번 듣고 주요 주제를 파악합니다. 특히, 문법의 역사적 배경과 규칙의 변천사를 노트합니다.
  3. 분할 연습: 각 문장을 나누어, 발음과 억양에 집중하면서 따라 말합니다. 영어 발음 교정을 위해 미러링 하듯이 행동합니다.
  4. 반복 연습: 여러 번 반복해서 문장을 듣고, 본인의 목소리로 따라해 보세요. 영어 쉐도잉을 통해 유창함을 기를 수 있습니다.
  5. 피드백 받기: 친구나 선생님에게 발음을 들어보게 하고 피드백을 받는 것이 좋습니다. 이를 통해 사용하는 단어나 표현의 정확성을 높일 수 있습니다.

이러한 단계를 통해 영어 회화 능력을 향상시키고, 문법 지식 또한 확장할 수 있습니다. 다양한 자료를 참고하면서 일상에서 자연스럽게 적용해보세요.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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