쉐도잉 연습: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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This is the typical demand for electricity on a spring day in California.

It starts growing around 6 a .m., then rises again around 6 p .m.

Now, this line shows when wind power feeds the California power grid.

Wind is variable, but often picks up at night.

Solar panels, on the other hand, kick into gear around 7 a .m., generate a lot of electricity until the sun sets around 7 p .m.

On most days, neither comes close to meeting the peak demands of the day.

So, the power company relies on fossil fuels, like natural gas, to make up for the gap, which widens significantly when people use electricity the most.

Since the power company can't store the solar and wind energy, it has to use fossil fuels at these times,

which can be stored in barrels and tanks.

It's kind of the big gap in our renewable energy system right now.

If we don't figure out a way to store renewable energy, there's a chance that we're going to be still dependent on fossil fuels.

So, how do we store some of this solar and wind energy for later?

Right now you might be thinking, just use a battery.

And you're not wrong.

Batteries have improved immensely over the past few years, particularly lithium -ion batteries, which use a chemical reaction to store energy.

Individual homes that have solar panels often use lithium -ion batteries to store energy.

But there's a few reasons lithium -ion isn't perfect for the grid.

This is Neil Dinesha, a founding writer at Heatmap, a climate news site, and he wrote about this for Vox in 2022.

One is just the scale that's needed.

We would need a lot at a level that we just don't really have right now.

That's a challenge because lithium is only found in a few places on earth.

But more importantly, like we need lithium -ion batteries for other things.

Lithium -ion battery is really good for stuff that moves because it's relatively light.

Meaning it's better suited for things like electric cars and portable electronics, not power grids that stay still.

Luckily, there's another energy storage solution that's actually been around for a long time.

This is the site for the first pump storage hydroelectric station in Southern Ireland.

This is a type of energy storage called pump storage hydro.

They were first built in Europe.

The U .S built one in 1929.

And many more were built in the 1970s and 80s as a way to store nuclear power.

Today, these facilities are all over the world.

There are 39 of them in the U .S.

And they store energy in a really fascinating yet simple way.

When energy demand is low,

renewable or fossil fuel energy is used to pump water from a reservoir or river up a mountain into a higher reservoir.

Basically converting this energy into what's called potential energy.

So potential energy, you might kind of remember from high school physics.

When a thing is up at a height, it has stored potential energy.

When it's let go, it turns into kinetic energy.

When that energy is needed, the water is released down the mountain,

where it's converted into kinetic energy that spins a turbine and generates electricity for the grid.

It's a way of combining water, a mountain, and gravity into a battery, and it can be about 90 % efficient,

meaning only 10 % of this energy is lost in the process.

Pump storage hydro works really well, but it's difficult to build more.

Well, for starters, you need a mountain, and you need to haul out a mountain to put pumps inside it,

and it takes a lot of money, and we don't have mountains everywhere.

So the ideal way to store renewable energy would be something that's cheaper and smaller than a pump storage hydro plant,

but works in roughly the same way.

One company, Energy Vault, is also using gravity to store renewable energy, but without the water or mountain.

Instead, renewable energy is used to lift heavy blocks of concrete up into the air, where it becomes potential energy.

Then when it's needed, the blocks are released, spinning a turbine, which converts the potential energy back into electricity.

Energy Vault calls this gravity energy storage, and while it's still being tested, the company claims it could be more than 80 % efficient.

A company called QuidNet is working on a different version of the same principle.

Their geomechanical pump storage unit uses renewable energy to pump water underground into a pressurized hole, where it can be stored as potential energy,

then released back up to the surface to spin a turbine and generate electricity.

Both techniques are betting on potential energy as a solution for storing renewable energy for the grid.

I think this partly because potential energy has shown itself to be pretty efficient.

Also, realistically, fewer moving parts.

If all you're doing basically is using gravity to work with you, you have a pretty massive force of nature on your side right there.

But potential energy isn't the only possible solution.

Other companies are using renewable energy to superheat salt, insulating it, then releasing that heat to create steam or hot air to drive a turbine.

Basically storing renewables by converting them to thermal energy.

Then there's a company that's betting on rusted iron.

They're called iron air batteries and what they do is they utilize the chemical reaction

that creates rust to store and discharge energy.

This thing

that we all sort of think of as an inconvenience could be really useful is just kind of beautiful to me.

Right now these ideas are all in various stages of development, but they are attracting investors.

And the hope is that several will work because one might not fit every power grid.

The grid, renewable energy overall, is going to be a sort of patchwork solution.

And so the more we try these solutions,

the closer we get to figuring out exactly what the right mix is for what we need for the greater future.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How to fix clean energy’s storage problem”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: energy, renewable, store, potential, pump. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 72개와 단어 1011개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:21입니다. 화자는 분당 약 189단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
pump 명사	/pʌmp/	펌프
grid 명사	/ɡɹɪd/	격자, 그리드
lithium 명사	/ˈlɪθi.əm/	리튬
fossil 명사	/ˈfɑsl̩/	화석
turbine 명사	/ˈtɜː.baɪn/	터빈
efficient 형용사	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	효율적인
spin 동사	/spɪn/	회전하다
reservoir 명사	/ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/	저수지
rust 명사	/ɹʌst/	녹, 록
technique 명사	/tɛkˈniːk/	기술
ideal 형용사	/aɪˈdi(ə)l/	이상적, 리상적
physics 명사	/ˈfɪz.ɪks/	물리학, 물리
principle 명사	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	원리, 원칙
underground 형용사	/ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/	땅속, 땅굴
rely 동사	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	의지(依支)하다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	can be stored · is only found · were built
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have improved · that's actually been · has stored

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, isn't, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 10번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, variable [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩], investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/, utilize /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, pump, grid, lithium 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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