Практика Shadowing: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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This is the typical demand for electricity on a spring day in California.

It starts growing around 6 a .m., then rises again around 6 p .m.

Now, this line shows when wind power feeds the California power grid.

Wind is variable, but often picks up at night.

Solar panels, on the other hand, kick into gear around 7 a .m., generate a lot of electricity until the sun sets around 7 p .m.

On most days, neither comes close to meeting the peak demands of the day.

So, the power company relies on fossil fuels, like natural gas, to make up for the gap, which widens significantly when people use electricity the most.

Since the power company can't store the solar and wind energy, it has to use fossil fuels at these times,

which can be stored in barrels and tanks.

It's kind of the big gap in our renewable energy system right now.

If we don't figure out a way to store renewable energy, there's a chance that we're going to be still dependent on fossil fuels.

So, how do we store some of this solar and wind energy for later?

Right now you might be thinking, just use a battery.

And you're not wrong.

Batteries have improved immensely over the past few years, particularly lithium -ion batteries, which use a chemical reaction to store energy.

Individual homes that have solar panels often use lithium -ion batteries to store energy.

But there's a few reasons lithium -ion isn't perfect for the grid.

This is Neil Dinesha, a founding writer at Heatmap, a climate news site, and he wrote about this for Vox in 2022.

One is just the scale that's needed.

We would need a lot at a level that we just don't really have right now.

That's a challenge because lithium is only found in a few places on earth.

But more importantly, like we need lithium -ion batteries for other things.

Lithium -ion battery is really good for stuff that moves because it's relatively light.

Meaning it's better suited for things like electric cars and portable electronics, not power grids that stay still.

Luckily, there's another energy storage solution that's actually been around for a long time.

This is the site for the first pump storage hydroelectric station in Southern Ireland.

This is a type of energy storage called pump storage hydro.

They were first built in Europe.

The U .S built one in 1929.

And many more were built in the 1970s and 80s as a way to store nuclear power.

Today, these facilities are all over the world.

There are 39 of them in the U .S.

And they store energy in a really fascinating yet simple way.

When energy demand is low,

renewable or fossil fuel energy is used to pump water from a reservoir or river up a mountain into a higher reservoir.

Basically converting this energy into what's called potential energy.

So potential energy, you might kind of remember from high school physics.

When a thing is up at a height, it has stored potential energy.

When it's let go, it turns into kinetic energy.

When that energy is needed, the water is released down the mountain,

where it's converted into kinetic energy that spins a turbine and generates electricity for the grid.

It's a way of combining water, a mountain, and gravity into a battery, and it can be about 90 % efficient,

meaning only 10 % of this energy is lost in the process.

Pump storage hydro works really well, but it's difficult to build more.

Well, for starters, you need a mountain, and you need to haul out a mountain to put pumps inside it,

and it takes a lot of money, and we don't have mountains everywhere.

So the ideal way to store renewable energy would be something that's cheaper and smaller than a pump storage hydro plant,

but works in roughly the same way.

One company, Energy Vault, is also using gravity to store renewable energy, but without the water or mountain.

Instead, renewable energy is used to lift heavy blocks of concrete up into the air, where it becomes potential energy.

Then when it's needed, the blocks are released, spinning a turbine, which converts the potential energy back into electricity.

Energy Vault calls this gravity energy storage, and while it's still being tested, the company claims it could be more than 80 % efficient.

A company called QuidNet is working on a different version of the same principle.

Their geomechanical pump storage unit uses renewable energy to pump water underground into a pressurized hole, where it can be stored as potential energy,

then released back up to the surface to spin a turbine and generate electricity.

Both techniques are betting on potential energy as a solution for storing renewable energy for the grid.

I think this partly because potential energy has shown itself to be pretty efficient.

Also, realistically, fewer moving parts.

If all you're doing basically is using gravity to work with you, you have a pretty massive force of nature on your side right there.

But potential energy isn't the only possible solution.

Other companies are using renewable energy to superheat salt, insulating it, then releasing that heat to create steam or hot air to drive a turbine.

Basically storing renewables by converting them to thermal energy.

Then there's a company that's betting on rusted iron.

They're called iron air batteries and what they do is they utilize the chemical reaction

that creates rust to store and discharge energy.

This thing

that we all sort of think of as an inconvenience could be really useful is just kind of beautiful to me.

Right now these ideas are all in various stages of development, but they are attracting investors.

And the hope is that several will work because one might not fit every power grid.

The grid, renewable energy overall, is going to be a sort of patchwork solution.

And so the more we try these solutions,

the closer we get to figuring out exactly what the right mix is for what we need for the greater future.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «How to fix clean energy’s storage problem». Чаще всего повторяются слова: energy, renewable, store, potential, pump. В этом видео 72 предложений и 1011 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:21. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 189 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 79% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
renewable прилагательное	/ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/	возобновля́емый
pump существительное	/pʌmp/	насо́с, по́мпа
grid существительное	/ɡɹɪd/	се́тка, решётка
lithium существительное	/ˈlɪθi.əm/	ли́тий
gravity существительное	/ˈɡɹævɪti/	серьёзность, ва́жность
convert глагол	/kənˈvɝt/	превраща́ть, преврати́ть
fossil существительное	/ˈfɑsl̩/	ископа́емое, окамене́лость
turbine существительное	/ˈtɜː.baɪn/	турби́на
efficient прилагательное	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	эффекти́вный
spin глагол	/spɪn/	верте́ться, крути́ться
generate глагол	/ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/	порожда́ть, производи́ть
reservoir существительное	/ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/	резервуа́р, храни́лище
rust существительное	/ɹʌst/	ржа́вчина, ржа
technique существительное	/tɛkˈniːk/	те́хника
gear существительное	/ɡɪɚ/	снаряже́ние

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
figure out глагол	разбира́ться, разобра́ться

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	can be stored · is only found · were built
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have improved · that's actually been · has stored

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 10 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, isn't, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, widen /ˈwaɪdn̩/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hydro /ˈhaɪdro/, haul /hɔl/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: grid /ɡɹɪd/, underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/, discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/, utilize /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как renewable, pump, grid.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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Практика Shadowing: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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