Pratique du Shadowing: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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72 phrases
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This is the typical demand for electricity on a spring day in California.
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It starts growing around 6 a .m., then rises again around 6 p .m.
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Now, this line shows when wind power feeds the California power grid.
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Wind is variable, but often picks up at night.
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Solar panels, on the other hand, kick into gear around 7 a .m., generate a lot of electricity until the sun sets around 7 p .m.
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On most days, neither comes close to meeting the peak demands of the day.
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So, the power company relies on fossil fuels, like natural gas, to make up for the gap, which widens significantly when people use electricity the most.
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Since the power company can't store the solar and wind energy, it has to use fossil fuels at these times,
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which can be stored in barrels and tanks.
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It's kind of the big gap in our renewable energy system right now.
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If we don't figure out a way to store renewable energy, there's a chance that we're going to be still dependent on fossil fuels.
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So, how do we store some of this solar and wind energy for later?
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Right now you might be thinking, just use a battery.
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And you're not wrong.
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Batteries have improved immensely over the past few years, particularly lithium -ion batteries, which use a chemical reaction to store energy.
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Individual homes that have solar panels often use lithium -ion batteries to store energy.
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But there's a few reasons lithium -ion isn't perfect for the grid.
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This is Neil Dinesha, a founding writer at Heatmap, a climate news site, and he wrote about this for Vox in 2022.
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One is just the scale that's needed.
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We would need a lot at a level that we just don't really have right now.
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That's a challenge because lithium is only found in a few places on earth.
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But more importantly, like we need lithium -ion batteries for other things.
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Lithium -ion battery is really good for stuff that moves because it's relatively light.
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Meaning it's better suited for things like electric cars and portable electronics, not power grids that stay still.
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Luckily, there's another energy storage solution that's actually been around for a long time.
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This is the site for the first pump storage hydroelectric station in Southern Ireland.
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This is a type of energy storage called pump storage hydro.
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They were first built in Europe.
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The U .S built one in 1929.
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And many more were built in the 1970s and 80s as a way to store nuclear power.
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Today, these facilities are all over the world.
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There are 39 of them in the U .S.
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And they store energy in a really fascinating yet simple way.
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When energy demand is low,
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renewable or fossil fuel energy is used to pump water from a reservoir or river up a mountain into a higher reservoir.
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Basically converting this energy into what's called potential energy.
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So potential energy, you might kind of remember from high school physics.
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When a thing is up at a height, it has stored potential energy.
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When it's let go, it turns into kinetic energy.
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When that energy is needed, the water is released down the mountain,
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where it's converted into kinetic energy that spins a turbine and generates electricity for the grid.
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It's a way of combining water, a mountain, and gravity into a battery, and it can be about 90 % efficient,
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meaning only 10 % of this energy is lost in the process.
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Pump storage hydro works really well, but it's difficult to build more.
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Well, for starters, you need a mountain, and you need to haul out a mountain to put pumps inside it,
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and it takes a lot of money, and we don't have mountains everywhere.
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So the ideal way to store renewable energy would be something that's cheaper and smaller than a pump storage hydro plant,
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but works in roughly the same way.
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One company, Energy Vault, is also using gravity to store renewable energy, but without the water or mountain.
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Instead, renewable energy is used to lift heavy blocks of concrete up into the air, where it becomes potential energy.
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Then when it's needed, the blocks are released, spinning a turbine, which converts the potential energy back into electricity.
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Energy Vault calls this gravity energy storage, and while it's still being tested, the company claims it could be more than 80 % efficient.
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A company called QuidNet is working on a different version of the same principle.
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Their geomechanical pump storage unit uses renewable energy to pump water underground into a pressurized hole, where it can be stored as potential energy,
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then released back up to the surface to spin a turbine and generate electricity.
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Both techniques are betting on potential energy as a solution for storing renewable energy for the grid.
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I think this partly because potential energy has shown itself to be pretty efficient.
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Also, realistically, fewer moving parts.
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If all you're doing basically is using gravity to work with you, you have a pretty massive force of nature on your side right there.
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But potential energy isn't the only possible solution.
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Other companies are using renewable energy to superheat salt, insulating it, then releasing that heat to create steam or hot air to drive a turbine.
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Basically storing renewables by converting them to thermal energy.
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Then there's a company that's betting on rusted iron.
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They're called iron air batteries and what they do is they utilize the chemical reaction
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that creates rust to store and discharge energy.
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This thing
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that we all sort of think of as an inconvenience could be really useful is just kind of beautiful to me.
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Right now these ideas are all in various stages of development, but they are attracting investors.
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And the hope is that several will work because one might not fit every power grid.
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The grid, renewable energy overall, is going to be a sort of patchwork solution.
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And so the more we try these solutions,
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the closer we get to figuring out exactly what the right mix is for what we need for the greater future.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to fix clean energy’s storage problem ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : energy, renewable, store, potential, pump. Cette vidéo contient 72 phrases et 1011 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:21. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 189 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| renewable adjectif | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | renouvelable |
| pump nom | /pʌmp/ | pompe |
| grid nom | /ɡɹɪd/ | grille |
| lithium nom | /ˈlɪθi.əm/ | lithium |
| gravity nom | /ˈɡɹævɪti/ | gravité |
| convert verbe | /kənˈvɝt/ | convertir |
| fossil nom | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | fossile |
| turbine nom | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbine |
| efficient adjectif | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | efficace |
| spin verbe | /spɪn/ | tournoyer, pivoter rapidement |
| generate verbe | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | générer |
| reservoir nom | /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ | réservoir |
| rust nom | /ɹʌst/ | rouille |
| technique nom | /tɛkˈniːk/ | technique |
| gear nom | /ɡɪɚ/ | panoplie, matériel |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be stored · is only found · were built |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have improved · that's actually been · has stored |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, isn't, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hydro /ˈhaɪdro/, haul /hɔl/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, grid /ɡɹɪd/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme renewable, pump, grid.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.