シャドーイング練習: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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This is the typical demand for electricity on a spring day in California.

It starts growing around 6 a .m., then rises again around 6 p .m.

Now, this line shows when wind power feeds the California power grid.

Wind is variable, but often picks up at night.

Solar panels, on the other hand, kick into gear around 7 a .m., generate a lot of electricity until the sun sets around 7 p .m.

On most days, neither comes close to meeting the peak demands of the day.

So, the power company relies on fossil fuels, like natural gas, to make up for the gap, which widens significantly when people use electricity the most.

Since the power company can't store the solar and wind energy, it has to use fossil fuels at these times,

which can be stored in barrels and tanks.

It's kind of the big gap in our renewable energy system right now.

If we don't figure out a way to store renewable energy, there's a chance that we're going to be still dependent on fossil fuels.

So, how do we store some of this solar and wind energy for later?

Right now you might be thinking, just use a battery.

And you're not wrong.

Batteries have improved immensely over the past few years, particularly lithium -ion batteries, which use a chemical reaction to store energy.

Individual homes that have solar panels often use lithium -ion batteries to store energy.

But there's a few reasons lithium -ion isn't perfect for the grid.

This is Neil Dinesha, a founding writer at Heatmap, a climate news site, and he wrote about this for Vox in 2022.

One is just the scale that's needed.

We would need a lot at a level that we just don't really have right now.

That's a challenge because lithium is only found in a few places on earth.

But more importantly, like we need lithium -ion batteries for other things.

Lithium -ion battery is really good for stuff that moves because it's relatively light.

Meaning it's better suited for things like electric cars and portable electronics, not power grids that stay still.

Luckily, there's another energy storage solution that's actually been around for a long time.

This is the site for the first pump storage hydroelectric station in Southern Ireland.

This is a type of energy storage called pump storage hydro.

They were first built in Europe.

The U .S built one in 1929.

And many more were built in the 1970s and 80s as a way to store nuclear power.

Today, these facilities are all over the world.

There are 39 of them in the U .S.

And they store energy in a really fascinating yet simple way.

When energy demand is low,

renewable or fossil fuel energy is used to pump water from a reservoir or river up a mountain into a higher reservoir.

Basically converting this energy into what's called potential energy.

So potential energy, you might kind of remember from high school physics.

When a thing is up at a height, it has stored potential energy.

When it's let go, it turns into kinetic energy.

When that energy is needed, the water is released down the mountain,

where it's converted into kinetic energy that spins a turbine and generates electricity for the grid.

It's a way of combining water, a mountain, and gravity into a battery, and it can be about 90 % efficient,

meaning only 10 % of this energy is lost in the process.

Pump storage hydro works really well, but it's difficult to build more.

Well, for starters, you need a mountain, and you need to haul out a mountain to put pumps inside it,

and it takes a lot of money, and we don't have mountains everywhere.

So the ideal way to store renewable energy would be something that's cheaper and smaller than a pump storage hydro plant,

but works in roughly the same way.

One company, Energy Vault, is also using gravity to store renewable energy, but without the water or mountain.

Instead, renewable energy is used to lift heavy blocks of concrete up into the air, where it becomes potential energy.

Then when it's needed, the blocks are released, spinning a turbine, which converts the potential energy back into electricity.

Energy Vault calls this gravity energy storage, and while it's still being tested, the company claims it could be more than 80 % efficient.

A company called QuidNet is working on a different version of the same principle.

Their geomechanical pump storage unit uses renewable energy to pump water underground into a pressurized hole, where it can be stored as potential energy,

then released back up to the surface to spin a turbine and generate electricity.

Both techniques are betting on potential energy as a solution for storing renewable energy for the grid.

I think this partly because potential energy has shown itself to be pretty efficient.

Also, realistically, fewer moving parts.

If all you're doing basically is using gravity to work with you, you have a pretty massive force of nature on your side right there.

But potential energy isn't the only possible solution.

Other companies are using renewable energy to superheat salt, insulating it, then releasing that heat to create steam or hot air to drive a turbine.

Basically storing renewables by converting them to thermal energy.

Then there's a company that's betting on rusted iron.

They're called iron air batteries and what they do is they utilize the chemical reaction

that creates rust to store and discharge energy.

This thing

that we all sort of think of as an inconvenience could be really useful is just kind of beautiful to me.

Right now these ideas are all in various stages of development, but they are attracting investors.

And the hope is that several will work because one might not fit every power grid.

The grid, renewable energy overall, is going to be a sort of patchwork solution.

And so the more we try these solutions,

the closer we get to figuring out exactly what the right mix is for what we need for the greater future.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How to fix clean energy’s storage problem」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：energy, renewable, store, potential, pump。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が72文、単語が1011語あります。音声の長さは5:21です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約189語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
renewable 形容詞	/ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/	再生可能な
pump 名詞	/pʌmp/	ポンプ, 喞筒
grid 名詞	/ɡɹɪd/	格子, グリッド
lithium 名詞	/ˈlɪθi.əm/	リチウム
fossil 名詞	/ˈfɑsl̩/	化石
turbine 名詞	/ˈtɜː.baɪn/	タービン
spin 動詞	/spɪn/	回転する
generate 動詞	/ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/	生む, 生み出す
reservoir 名詞	/ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/	貯水池
rust 名詞	/ɹʌst/	錆
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術
concrete 形容詞	/ˌkɑnˈkɹit/	実際の, 具体的
ideal 形容詞	/aɪˈdi(ə)l/	理想的な, 理想な
physics 名詞	/ˈfɪz.ɪks/	物理学
principle 名詞	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	原理, 原則

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	can be stored · is only found · were built
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have improved · that's actually been · has stored

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, isn't, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
「sh」と「zh」の音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, partly /ˈpɑɹtli/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, variable [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩], investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。renewable, pump, gridなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How to fix clean energy’s storage problem - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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