Shadowing Practice: Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes - Learn English Speaking with Video
Kies een oefenmodus
Elke modus opent een volledig scherm oefenruimte.
81 zinnen
Als zinnen te kort of te lang zijn, klik op Bewerken om ze aan te passen.
1
Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, sometimes referred to as the French Freud,
2
and is regarded as an important figure in the history of psychoanalysis.
3
The imaginary, the symbolic, the real, and the mirror stage are some of Lacan's most notable ideas.
4
His teachings explore the significance of Freud's discovery of the unconscious, proposing a return to Freud.
5
Lacan exerted his influence primarily through his yearly seminars, Paris with a total of 27 seminars completed during his lifetime.
6
Lacan founded his own analytic organisation after being rejected by the conventional institutions.
7
His magnum opus is the 900 -page "Acries" or "Writings", which gather many of Lacan's most important ideas,
8
as well as condensed versions of the annual seminars.
9
The book elevated Lacan into his through his seminars.
10
His vision recovers in Freud the intimate relationship between the unconscious and the ego.
11
For Lacan, the ego is an object rather than a subject.
12
The portrait of the ego as object is at the heart of Lacan's lifelong critical polemics against Anglo -American ego psychology.
13
For Lacan, their error is that they pretend to explain However,
14
the ego is nothing more than an epiphenomenon, a secondary effect, that far from managing desire is a mere product of it.
15
We desire things to become a more fulfilled self, however, we can never truly be ourselves as our desire is never quenched.
16
One of Lacan's most famous statements is "The unconscious is structured like a language".
17
semiotics, the study of signs, a sign has two aspects: signifier and signified.
18
These two are completely psychological and do not represent material concepts.
19
The signifier is the symbol, sound or image that represents an underlying concept or meaning, for example, an apple.
20
The signified is the concept of the thing, in this case a specific fruit.
21
It is possible to have words that have no signified, like a specific fruit, or to have concepts that have no signifiers, like the word apple.
22
Lacan famously said that the signifier represents a subject for another signifier.
23
The unconscious is structured like language in the sense of the different relation of signifiers to each other.
24
reflects for Lacan the distinction between the unconscious and the ego.
25
Lacan tells us that the psyche is composed of three stages, or what he calls "registers": the imaginary, the symbolic and the real.
26
These three form the skeletal framework for most of Lacan's intellectual life.
27
The registers do not have a linear stage of development, but rather a mutual dependence on one another.
28
Before starting with the imaginary stage, the very first significant human development is the mirror stage.
29
As infants we depend on our parents for protection and food.
30
Our inability to physically do the necessary bodily needs to satisfy our necessities produces frustration and anxiety.
31
The feeling of impotence, especially between 6 and 18 months of life, makes the child experience the body as fragmented.
32
During this time, infants have their first own reflection in a mirror.
33
Ackar calls this the "specular image", from which the ego as object emerges.
34
The child is fascinated by this other self
35
because he sees there his body as integrated and projects a unified ego as something distinct from what he is.
36
He sees in it the possibility of overcoming his fragmented condition to become a whole self.
37
Through the identification with an idealised image, the infant enters a lifelong quest to achieve this ideal "I".
38
However, this quest can never be fulfilled, as we can never be ourselves.
39
This split is the root cause that gives way to alienation, anxiety and neurosis.
40
The role of the other, the image in the mirror, undermines the idea of an autonomous self that develops and relates to others.
41
is a visible object, is linked to the gaze, which is the anxious state of mind that comes with the self -awareness that one can be seen and looked at.
42
Other people can also be said to mirror back to one an image of oneself, a sense of how one appears from other perspectives.
43
The parent's encouragement to the child to recognise himself in the mirror gives way to what Lacan calls "mecorneissance" or "misrecognition",
44
which continues throughout life for all experiences of recognising oneself as being a particular kind of "I".
45
The ego becomes a repository for the projected desires and fantasies of larger others,
46
the child's image being overflowed by signifiers flowing from other speaking beings.
47
embodying and representing an authentic and unique selfhood that is most genuinely one's self, is tantamount to misrecognising that,
48
at root, the ego is ultimately made of alienating unconsciously adopted ideas
49
or attitudes of others through which one is seduced and subjected to.
50
Lacan calls the ego the desire of the other, quay others' conscious and unconscious wants and machinations.
51
Thus, Lacan declares that the self is the other, That is, the self is what it is because of your relationship with the other.
52
The mirror stage is tied with imaginary order, which is the first encounter of the self with the world, where due to the lack of language and signifiers,
53
the infantile cognition is based on the visual field, it is image -based.
54
including from the imagined perspectives of others.
55
The imaginary is central to Lacan's conception of ego formation, as experienced in the mirror stage.
56
It is an intrinsic, unavoidable dimension of one's existence, and it is neither possible nor desirable to eliminate the illusions of the imaginary.
57
In other words, it is a host of intrasubject and intersubjective relationships which are being merely unreal as ineffective,
58
inconsequential epiphenomena, are integral to and have very concrete effects upon actual, factual human realities.
59
Lacan emphasises the dependence of the imaginary on the symbolic.
60
This dependency means that we are shaped and determined by sociolinguistic structures and dynamics.
61
The symbolic is theorised on the basis of resources laws,
62
customs, norms, institutions, rituals and traditions that structure the social -cultural environment that one inhabits.
63
Lacan calls this the symbolic order or the Big Other,
64
all of these things being entwined as networks of interlinked signifiers that depicts the analytic unconscious, quay -structured like a language.
65
An individual human being is thrown at birth, along the lines of Heideggerian thrownness.
66
pre -existing order preparing places for us in advance.
67
We essentially are who we are because of the socio -cultural and linguistic environment represented by the symbolic.
68
To interpret the desire of the unconscious, one must refer to a world beyond the imaginary,
69
where nature reigns, to the symbolic world of culture with all its norms and institutions.
70
The imaginary and the symbolic, when taken together as mutually integrated, constitute the field of reality, itself contrasted with the persistence of the real,
71
which is radically unrepresentable and beyond existence.
72
The real is intrinsically elusive, resisting by nature capture in the comprehensibly meaningful formulations.
73
It is, as Lacan stresses, an impossibility vis -à -vis reality.
74
and at the same time, is what enables us to function properly.
75
It is also the reason that much that we do cannot be explained.
76
In other words, it is something that we can never know that has an effect on what we do, especially our anxieties and neuroses.
77
The real can be experienced when our reality is ruptured, where everything that we find meaningful in life is torn apart,
78
and we gaze at the terrifying void of existence as experienced in traumatic events.
79
his life, Lacan adds a fourth register, the saturn or symptom, which is what binds everything together.
80
While the real cannot be cured, the main purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis is to dismantle the specular image, which begins in the mirror stage,
81
loosening its narcissistic fixation on itself, to recognise our fundamental relationship with the other, which is ultimately what we really are.
App downloaden
Alles wat je nodig hebt om vloeiend te spreken
AI UitspraakScoor elke zin
IPA OefeningBeheers elk geluid
WoordenschatBouw je woordenschat op
WoordenspelLeren terwijl je speelt
📺 Zelfde Kanaal
✨ Aanbevolen Video
C26
598 zinnen
Husserl: Phenomenology and the Life World
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
68 zinnen
Monet's Water Lilies: Great Art Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
118 zinnen
Napoleon Bonaparte in 10 MINUTES
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
187 zinnen
Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
271 zinnen
Secret to a Stress-Free Mind (Lao Tzu + Psychology)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C21
554 zinnen
Anne Carson: Beware the man whose handwriting sways like a reed in the wind
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
51 zinnen
1 6 What Illusions Teach Us
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
218 zinnen
How To Be a Lynchian Woman
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
128 zinnen
The Terrible Paradox of Self-Awareness | Fernando Pessoa
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
159 zinnen
Episode 1: "What is social ontology?" - Prof Brian Epstein
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
806 zinnen
The Power of Reading - Stephen Krashen
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
499 zinnen
The Ideas of Chomsky - Bryan Magee & Noam Chomsky (1977)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Lacan, ego, signifier, imaginary, mirror. Deze video bevat 81 zinnen en 1294 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 10:00. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 129 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 73% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| imaginary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/ | denkbeeldig, ingebeeld |
| symbolic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | symbolisch | |
| unconscious bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ | bewusteloos |
| signify werkwoord | /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/ | duidelijk maken, te kennen geven |
| epiphenomenon zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/ | epifenomeen, afgeleid gegeven |
| quay zelfstandig naamwoord | /kiː/ | kade, kaai |
| fragment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | fragment |
| dependence zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈpɛndəns/ | afhankelijkheid, nood |
| gaze werkwoord | /ɡeɪz/ | staren, turen |
| lifelong bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈlaɪf.lɔːŋ/ | levenslang |
| fulfill werkwoord | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | vervullen |
| norm zelfstandig naamwoord | /nɔːm/ | norm |
| alienate werkwoord | /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/ | vervreemden |
| alienation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/ | vervreemden |
| compose werkwoord | /kəmˈpəʊz/ | samenstellen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is regarded · being rejected · is never quenched |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | gaze, which is · order, which is · relationships which are |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/, cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/, fixation /fɪksˈeɪʃən/, inconsequential /ɪnˌkɑnsəˈkwɛnʃəl/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/, epiphenomenon /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/, alienate /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/, alienation /ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: gaze /ɡeɪz/, compose /kəmˈpəʊz/, elusive /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/, dismantle /dɪsˈmæntəl/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: signifier /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪɚ/, signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/, gaze /ɡeɪz/, integrate /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹeɪt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als imaginary, symbolic, unconscious.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.