쉐도잉 연습: Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, sometimes referred to as the French Freud,
2
and is regarded as an important figure in the history of psychoanalysis.
3
The imaginary, the symbolic, the real, and the mirror stage are some of Lacan's most notable ideas.
4
His teachings explore the significance of Freud's discovery of the unconscious, proposing a return to Freud.
5
Lacan exerted his influence primarily through his yearly seminars, Paris with a total of 27 seminars completed during his lifetime.
6
Lacan founded his own analytic organisation after being rejected by the conventional institutions.
7
His magnum opus is the 900 -page "Acries" or "Writings", which gather many of Lacan's most important ideas,
8
as well as condensed versions of the annual seminars.
9
The book elevated Lacan into his through his seminars.
10
His vision recovers in Freud the intimate relationship between the unconscious and the ego.
11
For Lacan, the ego is an object rather than a subject.
12
The portrait of the ego as object is at the heart of Lacan's lifelong critical polemics against Anglo -American ego psychology.
13
For Lacan, their error is that they pretend to explain However,
14
the ego is nothing more than an epiphenomenon, a secondary effect, that far from managing desire is a mere product of it.
15
We desire things to become a more fulfilled self, however, we can never truly be ourselves as our desire is never quenched.
16
One of Lacan's most famous statements is "The unconscious is structured like a language".
17
semiotics, the study of signs, a sign has two aspects: signifier and signified.
18
These two are completely psychological and do not represent material concepts.
19
The signifier is the symbol, sound or image that represents an underlying concept or meaning, for example, an apple.
20
The signified is the concept of the thing, in this case a specific fruit.
21
It is possible to have words that have no signified, like a specific fruit, or to have concepts that have no signifiers, like the word apple.
22
Lacan famously said that the signifier represents a subject for another signifier.
23
The unconscious is structured like language in the sense of the different relation of signifiers to each other.
24
reflects for Lacan the distinction between the unconscious and the ego.
25
Lacan tells us that the psyche is composed of three stages, or what he calls "registers": the imaginary, the symbolic and the real.
26
These three form the skeletal framework for most of Lacan's intellectual life.
27
The registers do not have a linear stage of development, but rather a mutual dependence on one another.
28
Before starting with the imaginary stage, the very first significant human development is the mirror stage.
29
As infants we depend on our parents for protection and food.
30
Our inability to physically do the necessary bodily needs to satisfy our necessities produces frustration and anxiety.
31
The feeling of impotence, especially between 6 and 18 months of life, makes the child experience the body as fragmented.
32
During this time, infants have their first own reflection in a mirror.
33
Ackar calls this the "specular image", from which the ego as object emerges.
34
The child is fascinated by this other self
35
because he sees there his body as integrated and projects a unified ego as something distinct from what he is.
36
He sees in it the possibility of overcoming his fragmented condition to become a whole self.
37
Through the identification with an idealised image, the infant enters a lifelong quest to achieve this ideal "I".
38
However, this quest can never be fulfilled, as we can never be ourselves.
39
This split is the root cause that gives way to alienation, anxiety and neurosis.
40
The role of the other, the image in the mirror, undermines the idea of an autonomous self that develops and relates to others.
41
is a visible object, is linked to the gaze, which is the anxious state of mind that comes with the self -awareness that one can be seen and looked at.
42
Other people can also be said to mirror back to one an image of oneself, a sense of how one appears from other perspectives.
43
The parent's encouragement to the child to recognise himself in the mirror gives way to what Lacan calls "mecorneissance" or "misrecognition",
44
which continues throughout life for all experiences of recognising oneself as being a particular kind of "I".
45
The ego becomes a repository for the projected desires and fantasies of larger others,
46
the child's image being overflowed by signifiers flowing from other speaking beings.
47
embodying and representing an authentic and unique selfhood that is most genuinely one's self, is tantamount to misrecognising that,
48
at root, the ego is ultimately made of alienating unconsciously adopted ideas
49
or attitudes of others through which one is seduced and subjected to.
50
Lacan calls the ego the desire of the other, quay others' conscious and unconscious wants and machinations.
51
Thus, Lacan declares that the self is the other, That is, the self is what it is because of your relationship with the other.
52
The mirror stage is tied with imaginary order, which is the first encounter of the self with the world, where due to the lack of language and signifiers,
53
the infantile cognition is based on the visual field, it is image -based.
54
including from the imagined perspectives of others.
55
The imaginary is central to Lacan's conception of ego formation, as experienced in the mirror stage.
56
It is an intrinsic, unavoidable dimension of one's existence, and it is neither possible nor desirable to eliminate the illusions of the imaginary.
57
In other words, it is a host of intrasubject and intersubjective relationships which are being merely unreal as ineffective,
58
inconsequential epiphenomena, are integral to and have very concrete effects upon actual, factual human realities.
59
Lacan emphasises the dependence of the imaginary on the symbolic.
60
This dependency means that we are shaped and determined by sociolinguistic structures and dynamics.
61
The symbolic is theorised on the basis of resources laws,
62
customs, norms, institutions, rituals and traditions that structure the social -cultural environment that one inhabits.
63
Lacan calls this the symbolic order or the Big Other,
64
all of these things being entwined as networks of interlinked signifiers that depicts the analytic unconscious, quay -structured like a language.
65
An individual human being is thrown at birth, along the lines of Heideggerian thrownness.
66
pre -existing order preparing places for us in advance.
67
We essentially are who we are because of the socio -cultural and linguistic environment represented by the symbolic.
68
To interpret the desire of the unconscious, one must refer to a world beyond the imaginary,
69
where nature reigns, to the symbolic world of culture with all its norms and institutions.
70
The imaginary and the symbolic, when taken together as mutually integrated, constitute the field of reality, itself contrasted with the persistence of the real,
71
which is radically unrepresentable and beyond existence.
72
The real is intrinsically elusive, resisting by nature capture in the comprehensibly meaningful formulations.
73
It is, as Lacan stresses, an impossibility vis -à -vis reality.
74
and at the same time, is what enables us to function properly.
75
It is also the reason that much that we do cannot be explained.
76
In other words, it is something that we can never know that has an effect on what we do, especially our anxieties and neuroses.
77
The real can be experienced when our reality is ruptured, where everything that we find meaningful in life is torn apart,
78
and we gaze at the terrifying void of existence as experienced in traumatic events.
79
his life, Lacan adds a fourth register, the saturn or symptom, which is what binds everything together.
80
While the real cannot be cured, the main purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis is to dismantle the specular image, which begins in the mirror stage,
81
loosening its narcissistic fixation on itself, to recognise our fundamental relationship with the other, which is ultimately what we really are.
📺 같은 채널
✨ 추천 영상
C17
175 문장
The Lost Art Of The Intellectual Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
118 문장
Napoleon Bonaparte in 10 MINUTES
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
68 문장
Monet's Water Lilies: Great Art Explained
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
51 문장
1 6 What Illusions Teach Us
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1524 문장
Husserl, Heidegger & Existentialism - Hubert Dreyfus & Bryan Magee (1987)
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
581 문장
On a mis une policière face à deux citoyens et ça ne s'est pas passé comme prévu.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
154 문장
The Church Prevails – Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
232 문장
Why the Universe Sends You Someone You Can't Be With | Carl Jung Psychology
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
149 문장
SEM141 - Speech Acts - An Overview
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C1117 문장
La rebeldía, según Albert Camus
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
806 문장
The Power of Reading - Stephen Krashen
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
145 문장
Every Disturbing Trait That Serial Killers Have Explained in 12 Minutes
University StudentsWorking Adults
이 클립을 통한 말하기 목표
이 비디오는 복잡한 개념을 명확히 전달하는 논술적 말하기 능력을 키우는 데 중점을 둡니다. 라캉의 심리학 이론과 같은 전문적인 내용을 간결하게 설명하는 과정에서, 논리적 흐름을 유지하며 용어를 정확히 사용하는 기술을 연습할 수 있습니다. 특히 "무의식은 언어처럼 구조화되어 있다"와 같은 추상적인 문장을 자연스럽게 발음하고, 긴 문장을 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 리듬으로 말하는 능력을 기르는 데 도움이 됩니다. 이는 영어 회화 연습에서 고급 단계로 나아가는 중요한 이정표입니다.
표현 모음
- regarded as an important figure - 중요한 인물로 간주된다
- explore the significance of - ...의 중요성을 탐구하다
- exert influence through - ...을 통해 영향력을 행사하다
- founded his own organisation - 자신의 단체를 설립하다
- at the heart of - ...의 핵심에
- the root cause - 근본 원인
- mutual dependence on one another - 서로에 대한 상호 의존
약점을 보완하는 방법
이 비디오는 긴 문장의 리듬과 강세를 개선하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 라캉의 이론을 설명하는 문장은 종종 여러 절이 연결되어 있어, 어디서 쉬고 어디에 강세를 두어야 할지 헷갈리기 쉽습니다. 예를 들어 "The unconscious is structured like a language"에서 "structured"와 "language"에 강세를 두면 문장의 의미가 더 명확해집니다. 또한 "mecorneissance or misrecognition"과 같이 두 단어를 연결할 때의 발음 연결(liaison)도 연습할 수 있습니다. 영어 쉐도잉(shadow speak) 연습을 할 때는 비디오의 발음을 정확히 따라하며, 문장의 흐름을 느끼는 것이 중요합니다. 이를 통해 자연스러운 말하기 리듬을 익히고, 영어 발음 교정에도 큰 도움이 됩니다.
특히 "the ego is the desire of the other"와 같은 복합적인 개념을 표현하는 문장은 어휘 뿐만 아니라 문법 구조도 익히는 기회입니다. shadowspeak를 반복하면서 이러한 문장을 자연스럽게 구사할 수 있게 되면, 복잡한 주제의 회화에서도 자신감을 갖게 될 것입니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is regarded · being rejected · is never quenched |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | gaze, which is · order, which is · relationships which are |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.