跟读练习: Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes - 通过视频学习英语口语
正在创建课程...
1
Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, sometimes referred to as the French Freud,
2
and is regarded as an important figure in the history of psychoanalysis.
3
The imaginary, the symbolic, the real, and the mirror stage are some of Lacan's most notable ideas.
4
His teachings explore the significance of Freud's discovery of the unconscious, proposing a return to Freud.
5
Lacan exerted his influence primarily through his yearly seminars, Paris with a total of 27 seminars completed during his lifetime.
6
Lacan founded his own analytic organisation after being rejected by the conventional institutions.
7
His magnum opus is the 900 -page "Acries" or "Writings", which gather many of Lacan's most important ideas,
8
as well as condensed versions of the annual seminars.
9
The book elevated Lacan into his through his seminars.
10
His vision recovers in Freud the intimate relationship between the unconscious and the ego.
11
For Lacan, the ego is an object rather than a subject.
12
The portrait of the ego as object is at the heart of Lacan's lifelong critical polemics against Anglo -American ego psychology.
13
For Lacan, their error is that they pretend to explain However,
14
the ego is nothing more than an epiphenomenon, a secondary effect, that far from managing desire is a mere product of it.
15
We desire things to become a more fulfilled self, however, we can never truly be ourselves as our desire is never quenched.
16
One of Lacan's most famous statements is "The unconscious is structured like a language".
17
semiotics, the study of signs, a sign has two aspects: signifier and signified.
18
These two are completely psychological and do not represent material concepts.
19
The signifier is the symbol, sound or image that represents an underlying concept or meaning, for example, an apple.
20
The signified is the concept of the thing, in this case a specific fruit.
21
It is possible to have words that have no signified, like a specific fruit, or to have concepts that have no signifiers, like the word apple.
22
Lacan famously said that the signifier represents a subject for another signifier.
23
The unconscious is structured like language in the sense of the different relation of signifiers to each other.
24
reflects for Lacan the distinction between the unconscious and the ego.
25
Lacan tells us that the psyche is composed of three stages, or what he calls "registers": the imaginary, the symbolic and the real.
26
These three form the skeletal framework for most of Lacan's intellectual life.
27
The registers do not have a linear stage of development, but rather a mutual dependence on one another.
28
Before starting with the imaginary stage, the very first significant human development is the mirror stage.
29
As infants we depend on our parents for protection and food.
30
Our inability to physically do the necessary bodily needs to satisfy our necessities produces frustration and anxiety.
31
The feeling of impotence, especially between 6 and 18 months of life, makes the child experience the body as fragmented.
32
During this time, infants have their first own reflection in a mirror.
33
Ackar calls this the "specular image", from which the ego as object emerges.
34
The child is fascinated by this other self
35
because he sees there his body as integrated and projects a unified ego as something distinct from what he is.
36
He sees in it the possibility of overcoming his fragmented condition to become a whole self.
37
Through the identification with an idealised image, the infant enters a lifelong quest to achieve this ideal "I".
38
However, this quest can never be fulfilled, as we can never be ourselves.
39
This split is the root cause that gives way to alienation, anxiety and neurosis.
40
The role of the other, the image in the mirror, undermines the idea of an autonomous self that develops and relates to others.
41
is a visible object, is linked to the gaze, which is the anxious state of mind that comes with the self -awareness that one can be seen and looked at.
42
Other people can also be said to mirror back to one an image of oneself, a sense of how one appears from other perspectives.
43
The parent's encouragement to the child to recognise himself in the mirror gives way to what Lacan calls "mecorneissance" or "misrecognition",
44
which continues throughout life for all experiences of recognising oneself as being a particular kind of "I".
45
The ego becomes a repository for the projected desires and fantasies of larger others,
46
the child's image being overflowed by signifiers flowing from other speaking beings.
47
embodying and representing an authentic and unique selfhood that is most genuinely one's self, is tantamount to misrecognising that,
48
at root, the ego is ultimately made of alienating unconsciously adopted ideas
49
or attitudes of others through which one is seduced and subjected to.
50
Lacan calls the ego the desire of the other, quay others' conscious and unconscious wants and machinations.
51
Thus, Lacan declares that the self is the other, That is, the self is what it is because of your relationship with the other.
52
The mirror stage is tied with imaginary order, which is the first encounter of the self with the world, where due to the lack of language and signifiers,
53
the infantile cognition is based on the visual field, it is image -based.
54
including from the imagined perspectives of others.
55
The imaginary is central to Lacan's conception of ego formation, as experienced in the mirror stage.
56
It is an intrinsic, unavoidable dimension of one's existence, and it is neither possible nor desirable to eliminate the illusions of the imaginary.
57
In other words, it is a host of intrasubject and intersubjective relationships which are being merely unreal as ineffective,
58
inconsequential epiphenomena, are integral to and have very concrete effects upon actual, factual human realities.
59
Lacan emphasises the dependence of the imaginary on the symbolic.
60
This dependency means that we are shaped and determined by sociolinguistic structures and dynamics.
61
The symbolic is theorised on the basis of resources laws,
62
customs, norms, institutions, rituals and traditions that structure the social -cultural environment that one inhabits.
63
Lacan calls this the symbolic order or the Big Other,
64
all of these things being entwined as networks of interlinked signifiers that depicts the analytic unconscious, quay -structured like a language.
65
An individual human being is thrown at birth, along the lines of Heideggerian thrownness.
66
pre -existing order preparing places for us in advance.
67
We essentially are who we are because of the socio -cultural and linguistic environment represented by the symbolic.
68
To interpret the desire of the unconscious, one must refer to a world beyond the imaginary,
69
where nature reigns, to the symbolic world of culture with all its norms and institutions.
70
The imaginary and the symbolic, when taken together as mutually integrated, constitute the field of reality, itself contrasted with the persistence of the real,
71
which is radically unrepresentable and beyond existence.
72
The real is intrinsically elusive, resisting by nature capture in the comprehensibly meaningful formulations.
73
It is, as Lacan stresses, an impossibility vis -à -vis reality.
74
and at the same time, is what enables us to function properly.
75
It is also the reason that much that we do cannot be explained.
76
In other words, it is something that we can never know that has an effect on what we do, especially our anxieties and neuroses.
77
The real can be experienced when our reality is ruptured, where everything that we find meaningful in life is torn apart,
78
and we gaze at the terrifying void of existence as experienced in traumatic events.
79
his life, Lacan adds a fourth register, the saturn or symptom, which is what binds everything together.
80
While the real cannot be cured, the main purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis is to dismantle the specular image, which begins in the mirror stage,
81
loosening its narcissistic fixation on itself, to recognise our fundamental relationship with the other, which is ultimately what we really are.
📺 同频道
✨ 推荐视频
C11
598 句
Husserl: Phenomenology and the Life World
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
581 句
On a mis une policière face à deux citoyens et ça ne s'est pas passé comme prévu.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
68 句
Monet's Water Lilies: Great Art Explained
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
565 句
Garry Tan: Own Your Intelligence
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
118 句
Napoleon Bonaparte in 10 MINUTES
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
187 句
Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences
University StudentsWorking Adults
C144
29 句
Shakespeare: Hamlet
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C15
190 句
The Hidden Psychology of Attracting What You Think About | Dr. Wayne Dyer
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
154 句
The Church Prevails – Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C111
58 句
The different levels of how Claude thinks
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
190 句
Détruire son identité
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
347 句
How to Read Anyone Instantly – Nietzsche’s 18 Psychological Truths
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
本片段的口语学习目标
通过观看这段关于雅克·拉康的视频，你将提升学术类话题口语表达流畅度。目标是能清晰阐述复杂理论（如精神分析概念），掌握长句逻辑结构，同时锻炼在说明性演讲中保持连贯的能力，这是突破中级口语瓶颈、迈向高级的关键里程碑。
实用短语库
- 被视为……的重要人物
- ……的核心
- 与……密切相关
- 构成……的框架
- 产生挫折感和焦虑
- 终生追求
- 根源
- 被……所淹没
这些短语适用于议论文、演讲等正式场景，通过shadowspeak练习可快速内化，提升表达的地道性。
攻克你的薄弱环节
本视频非常适合练习长句的节奏与重音。视频中频繁出现复杂定语从句（如“他关于自我是客体的描述是拉康毕生批判英美自我心理学的核心”），通过shadowing site进行跟读，能有效改善因句子过长导致的吞音、断句错误。此外，文中大量学术名词（如“想象界”“象征界”“实在界”）的发音需要注意重音位置，反复模仿可纠正中式发音习惯。记住：看YouTube学英语时，专注于模仿说话人的停顿和语调起伏，这是提高英语发音的关键技巧。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is regarded · being rejected · is never quenched |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | gaze, which is · order, which is · relationships which are |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。