跟讀練習: Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes - 通過影片學習英語口語
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81 句
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Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, sometimes referred to as the French Freud,
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and is regarded as an important figure in the history of psychoanalysis.
並被視為精神分析發展史上的重要人物。
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The imaginary, the symbolic, the real, and the mirror stage are some of Lacan's most notable ideas.
想像界、象徵界、實在界以及映象階段是拉康最著名的幾個理論概念。
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His teachings explore the significance of Freud's discovery of the unconscious, proposing a return to Freud.
他的學說探討了弗洛伊德關於無意識的發現的重要性，提出了迴歸弗洛伊德的主張。
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Lacan exerted his influence primarily through his yearly seminars, Paris with a total of 27 seminars completed during his lifetime.
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Lacan founded his own analytic organisation after being rejected by the conventional institutions.
拉康被傳統機構拒絕後，創立了自己的精神分析組織。
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His magnum opus is the 900 -page "Acries" or "Writings", which gather many of Lacan's most important ideas,
他的代表作是長達900頁的《Acries》或稱《文集》，其中彙集了拉康許多最重要的思想。
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as well as condensed versions of the annual seminars.
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The book elevated Lacan into his through his seminars.
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His vision recovers in Freud the intimate relationship between the unconscious and the ego.
在弗洛伊德的理論中，他的觀點重新揭示了無意識與自我之間的緊密聯絡。
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For Lacan, the ego is an object rather than a subject.
對拉康而言，自我是一個物件而非主體。
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The portrait of the ego as object is at the heart of Lacan's lifelong critical polemics against Anglo -American ego psychology.
將自我視為客體的這一構想，是拉康畢生對英美自我心理學展開批判論爭的核心所在。
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For Lacan, their error is that they pretend to explain However,
在拉康看來，他們的錯誤在於他們假裝在進行解釋，然而
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the ego is nothing more than an epiphenomenon, a secondary effect, that far from managing desire is a mere product of it.
自我只不過是一種副現象、一種次級效應，它根本無法掌控慾望，反而僅僅是慾望的產物。
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We desire things to become a more fulfilled self, however, we can never truly be ourselves as our desire is never quenched.
我們渴望通過獲得各種事物來成為更完滿的自己，然而，由於慾望永無止境，我們永遠無法真正成為自己。
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One of Lacan's most famous statements is "The unconscious is structured like a language".
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semiotics, the study of signs, a sign has two aspects: signifier and signified.
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These two are completely psychological and do not represent material concepts.
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The signifier is the symbol, sound or image that represents an underlying concept or meaning, for example, an apple.
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The signified is the concept of the thing, in this case a specific fruit.
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It is possible to have words that have no signified, like a specific fruit, or to have concepts that have no signifiers, like the word apple.
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Lacan famously said that the signifier represents a subject for another signifier.
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The unconscious is structured like language in the sense of the different relation of signifiers to each other.
無意識的結構如同語言，其核心在於能指之間的不同關聯方式。
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reflects for Lacan the distinction between the unconscious and the ego.
在拉康看來，這反映了無意識與自我之間的區別。
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Lacan tells us that the psyche is composed of three stages, or what he calls "registers": the imaginary, the symbolic and the real.
拉康告訴我們，精神由三個階段構成，或者說他所稱的“界域”：想像界、象徵界和實在界。
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These three form the skeletal framework for most of Lacan's intellectual life.
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The registers do not have a linear stage of development, but rather a mutual dependence on one another.
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Before starting with the imaginary stage, the very first significant human development is the mirror stage.
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As infants we depend on our parents for protection and food.
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Our inability to physically do the necessary bodily needs to satisfy our necessities produces frustration and anxiety.
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The feeling of impotence, especially between 6 and 18 months of life, makes the child experience the body as fragmented.
這種無力感，尤其是在出生後6至18個月期間，會讓兒童將自己的身體感知為碎片化的。
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During this time, infants have their first own reflection in a mirror.
在這段時間裡，嬰兒第一次看到自己在鏡子中的影像。
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Ackar calls this the "specular image", from which the ego as object emerges.
Ackar 將此稱為“映象”，作為客體的自我正是從中產生。
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The child is fascinated by this other self
這個孩子被這個另一個自我深深吸引。
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because he sees there his body as integrated and projects a unified ego as something distinct from what he is.
因為他在那裡將自己的身體視為一個整體，並投射出一個統一的自我，將其視為與自身存在不同的某種東西。
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He sees in it the possibility of overcoming his fragmented condition to become a whole self.
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Through the identification with an idealised image, the infant enters a lifelong quest to achieve this ideal "I".
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However, this quest can never be fulfilled, as we can never be ourselves.
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This split is the root cause that gives way to alienation, anxiety and neurosis.
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The role of the other, the image in the mirror, undermines the idea of an autonomous self that develops and relates to others.
他者的角色，即鏡中的影像，會消解那種認為自我是自主發展並與他人建立聯絡的觀念。
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is a visible object, is linked to the gaze, which is the anxious state of mind that comes with the self -awareness that one can be seen and looked at.
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Other people can also be said to mirror back to one an image of oneself, a sense of how one appears from other perspectives.
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The parent's encouragement to the child to recognise himself in the mirror gives way to what Lacan calls "mecorneissance" or "misrecognition",
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which continues throughout life for all experiences of recognising oneself as being a particular kind of "I".
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The ego becomes a repository for the projected desires and fantasies of larger others,
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the child's image being overflowed by signifiers flowing from other speaking beings.
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embodying and representing an authentic and unique selfhood that is most genuinely one's self, is tantamount to misrecognising that,
體現並代表一種最真實的、獨特的自我身份，等同於誤認了這一點，
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at root, the ego is ultimately made of alienating unconsciously adopted ideas
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or attitudes of others through which one is seduced and subjected to.
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Lacan calls the ego the desire of the other, quay others' conscious and unconscious wants and machinations.
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Thus, Lacan declares that the self is the other, That is, the self is what it is because of your relationship with the other.
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The mirror stage is tied with imaginary order, which is the first encounter of the self with the world, where due to the lack of language and signifiers,
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the infantile cognition is based on the visual field, it is image -based.
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including from the imagined perspectives of others.
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The imaginary is central to Lacan's conception of ego formation, as experienced in the mirror stage.
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It is an intrinsic, unavoidable dimension of one's existence, and it is neither possible nor desirable to eliminate the illusions of the imaginary.
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In other words, it is a host of intrasubject and intersubjective relationships which are being merely unreal as ineffective,
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inconsequential epiphenomena, are integral to and have very concrete effects upon actual, factual human realities.
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Lacan emphasises the dependence of the imaginary on the symbolic.
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This dependency means that we are shaped and determined by sociolinguistic structures and dynamics.
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The symbolic is theorised on the basis of resources laws,
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customs, norms, institutions, rituals and traditions that structure the social -cultural environment that one inhabits.
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Lacan calls this the symbolic order or the Big Other,
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all of these things being entwined as networks of interlinked signifiers that depicts the analytic unconscious, quay -structured like a language.
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An individual human being is thrown at birth, along the lines of Heideggerian thrownness.
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pre -existing order preparing places for us in advance.
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We essentially are who we are because of the socio -cultural and linguistic environment represented by the symbolic.
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To interpret the desire of the unconscious, one must refer to a world beyond the imaginary,
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where nature reigns, to the symbolic world of culture with all its norms and institutions.
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The imaginary and the symbolic, when taken together as mutually integrated, constitute the field of reality, itself contrasted with the persistence of the real,
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which is radically unrepresentable and beyond existence.
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The real is intrinsically elusive, resisting by nature capture in the comprehensibly meaningful formulations.
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It is, as Lacan stresses, an impossibility vis -à -vis reality.
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and at the same time, is what enables us to function properly.
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It is also the reason that much that we do cannot be explained.
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In other words, it is something that we can never know that has an effect on what we do, especially our anxieties and neuroses.
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The real can be experienced when our reality is ruptured, where everything that we find meaningful in life is torn apart,
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and we gaze at the terrifying void of existence as experienced in traumatic events.
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his life, Lacan adds a fourth register, the saturn or symptom, which is what binds everything together.
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While the real cannot be cured, the main purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis is to dismantle the specular image, which begins in the mirror stage,
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loosening its narcissistic fixation on itself, to recognise our fundamental relationship with the other, which is ultimately what we really are.
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本片段的口語學習目標
通過觀看這段關於雅克·拉康的影片，你將提升學術類話題口語表達流暢度。目標是能清晰闡述複雜理論（如精神分析概念），掌握長句邏輯結構，同時鍛鍊在說明性演講中保持連貫的能力，這是突破中級口語瓶頸、邁向高階的關鍵里程碑。
實用短語庫
- 被視為……的重要人物
- ……的核心
- 與……密切相關
- 構成……的框架
- 產生挫折感和焦慮
- 終生追求
- 根源
- 被……所淹沒
這些短語適用於議論文、演講等正式場景，通過shadowspeak練習可快速內化，提升表達的地道性。
攻克你的薄弱環節
本影片非常適合練習長句的節奏與重音。影片中頻繁出現複雜定語從句（如“他關於自我是客體的描述是拉康畢生批判英美自我心理學的核心”），通過shadowing site進行跟讀，能有效改善因句子過長導致的吞音、斷句錯誤。此外，文中大量學術名詞（如“想像界”“象徵界”“實在界”）的發音需要注意重音位置，反覆模仿可糾正中式發音習慣。記住：看YouTube學英語時，專注於模仿說話人的停頓和語調起伏，這是提高英語發音的關鍵技巧。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is regarded · being rejected · is never quenched |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | gaze, which is · order, which is · relationships which are |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。