Prática de Shadowing: Jacques Lacan in 10 Minutes - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist, sometimes referred to as the French Freud,
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and is regarded as an important figure in the history of psychoanalysis.
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The imaginary, the symbolic, the real, and the mirror stage are some of Lacan's most notable ideas.
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His teachings explore the significance of Freud's discovery of the unconscious, proposing a return to Freud.
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Lacan exerted his influence primarily through his yearly seminars, Paris with a total of 27 seminars completed during his lifetime.
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Lacan founded his own analytic organisation after being rejected by the conventional institutions.
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His magnum opus is the 900 -page "Acries" or "Writings", which gather many of Lacan's most important ideas,
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as well as condensed versions of the annual seminars.
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The book elevated Lacan into his through his seminars.
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His vision recovers in Freud the intimate relationship between the unconscious and the ego.
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For Lacan, the ego is an object rather than a subject.
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The portrait of the ego as object is at the heart of Lacan's lifelong critical polemics against Anglo -American ego psychology.
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For Lacan, their error is that they pretend to explain However,
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the ego is nothing more than an epiphenomenon, a secondary effect, that far from managing desire is a mere product of it.
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We desire things to become a more fulfilled self, however, we can never truly be ourselves as our desire is never quenched.
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One of Lacan's most famous statements is "The unconscious is structured like a language".
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semiotics, the study of signs, a sign has two aspects: signifier and signified.
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These two are completely psychological and do not represent material concepts.
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The signifier is the symbol, sound or image that represents an underlying concept or meaning, for example, an apple.
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The signified is the concept of the thing, in this case a specific fruit.
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It is possible to have words that have no signified, like a specific fruit, or to have concepts that have no signifiers, like the word apple.
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Lacan famously said that the signifier represents a subject for another signifier.
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The unconscious is structured like language in the sense of the different relation of signifiers to each other.
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reflects for Lacan the distinction between the unconscious and the ego.
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Lacan tells us that the psyche is composed of three stages, or what he calls "registers": the imaginary, the symbolic and the real.
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These three form the skeletal framework for most of Lacan's intellectual life.
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The registers do not have a linear stage of development, but rather a mutual dependence on one another.
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Before starting with the imaginary stage, the very first significant human development is the mirror stage.
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As infants we depend on our parents for protection and food.
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Our inability to physically do the necessary bodily needs to satisfy our necessities produces frustration and anxiety.
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The feeling of impotence, especially between 6 and 18 months of life, makes the child experience the body as fragmented.
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During this time, infants have their first own reflection in a mirror.
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Ackar calls this the "specular image", from which the ego as object emerges.
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The child is fascinated by this other self
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because he sees there his body as integrated and projects a unified ego as something distinct from what he is.
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He sees in it the possibility of overcoming his fragmented condition to become a whole self.
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Through the identification with an idealised image, the infant enters a lifelong quest to achieve this ideal "I".
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However, this quest can never be fulfilled, as we can never be ourselves.
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This split is the root cause that gives way to alienation, anxiety and neurosis.
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The role of the other, the image in the mirror, undermines the idea of an autonomous self that develops and relates to others.
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is a visible object, is linked to the gaze, which is the anxious state of mind that comes with the self -awareness that one can be seen and looked at.
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Other people can also be said to mirror back to one an image of oneself, a sense of how one appears from other perspectives.
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The parent's encouragement to the child to recognise himself in the mirror gives way to what Lacan calls "mecorneissance" or "misrecognition",
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which continues throughout life for all experiences of recognising oneself as being a particular kind of "I".
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The ego becomes a repository for the projected desires and fantasies of larger others,
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the child's image being overflowed by signifiers flowing from other speaking beings.
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embodying and representing an authentic and unique selfhood that is most genuinely one's self, is tantamount to misrecognising that,
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at root, the ego is ultimately made of alienating unconsciously adopted ideas
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or attitudes of others through which one is seduced and subjected to.
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Lacan calls the ego the desire of the other, quay others' conscious and unconscious wants and machinations.
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Thus, Lacan declares that the self is the other, That is, the self is what it is because of your relationship with the other.
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The mirror stage is tied with imaginary order, which is the first encounter of the self with the world, where due to the lack of language and signifiers,
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the infantile cognition is based on the visual field, it is image -based.
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including from the imagined perspectives of others.
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The imaginary is central to Lacan's conception of ego formation, as experienced in the mirror stage.
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It is an intrinsic, unavoidable dimension of one's existence, and it is neither possible nor desirable to eliminate the illusions of the imaginary.
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In other words, it is a host of intrasubject and intersubjective relationships which are being merely unreal as ineffective,
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inconsequential epiphenomena, are integral to and have very concrete effects upon actual, factual human realities.
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Lacan emphasises the dependence of the imaginary on the symbolic.
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This dependency means that we are shaped and determined by sociolinguistic structures and dynamics.
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The symbolic is theorised on the basis of resources laws,
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customs, norms, institutions, rituals and traditions that structure the social -cultural environment that one inhabits.
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Lacan calls this the symbolic order or the Big Other,
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all of these things being entwined as networks of interlinked signifiers that depicts the analytic unconscious, quay -structured like a language.
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An individual human being is thrown at birth, along the lines of Heideggerian thrownness.
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pre -existing order preparing places for us in advance.
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We essentially are who we are because of the socio -cultural and linguistic environment represented by the symbolic.
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To interpret the desire of the unconscious, one must refer to a world beyond the imaginary,
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where nature reigns, to the symbolic world of culture with all its norms and institutions.
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The imaginary and the symbolic, when taken together as mutually integrated, constitute the field of reality, itself contrasted with the persistence of the real,
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which is radically unrepresentable and beyond existence.
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The real is intrinsically elusive, resisting by nature capture in the comprehensibly meaningful formulations.
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It is, as Lacan stresses, an impossibility vis -à -vis reality.
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and at the same time, is what enables us to function properly.
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It is also the reason that much that we do cannot be explained.
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In other words, it is something that we can never know that has an effect on what we do, especially our anxieties and neuroses.
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The real can be experienced when our reality is ruptured, where everything that we find meaningful in life is torn apart,
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and we gaze at the terrifying void of existence as experienced in traumatic events.
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his life, Lacan adds a fourth register, the saturn or symptom, which is what binds everything together.
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While the real cannot be cured, the main purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis is to dismantle the specular image, which begins in the mirror stage,
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loosening its narcissistic fixation on itself, to recognise our fundamental relationship with the other, which is ultimately what we really are.
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O que você vai aprender
Este vídeo ajuda a desenvolver três habilidades práticas de fala em inglês: desenvolver clareza na explicação de conceitos complexos (como os registros lacanianos), manter um fluxo conversacional ao falar de temas abstratos (como o inconsciente e o ego) e usar termos técnicos com precisão (como "significante" e "significado"). Essas habilidades são essenciais para prática de conversação em inglês, especialmente em contextos acadêmicos ou debates.
Ouça atentamente esses sons
No áudio, observe a ligação entre palavras em frases como "the imaginary, the symbolic, the real" – as preposições "the" são reduzidas e ligadas aos substantivos, formando um fluxo contínuo. Além disso, há reduções como "it's" (em "it's possible") e "don't" (em "we don't"), que são pronunciadas de forma mais suave, com menos ênfase. Esses detalhes ajudam a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, tornando sua fala mais natural.
Fale como um nativo
Para imitar o ritmo e a ênfase do locutor, concentre-se na ênfase em palavras-chave como "unconscious", "ego" e "desire". O locutor usa uma taxa de fala moderada, mas acelera levemente ao explicar conceitos já introduzidos, o que cria uma dinâmica natural. Pratique o "shadow speech" (imitação imediata) repetindo trechos como "The unconscious is structured like a language" – preste atenção à pausa após "unconscious" e à ênfase em "structured". Essa técnica de shadow speak ajuda a internalizar o ritmo e a entonação, tornando sua fala mais fluida e autêntica.
Lembre-se: o segredo é ouvir, repetir e ajustar. Cada prática de shadowing aproxima você de um sotaque mais natural e confiança na fala.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is regarded · being rejected · is never quenched |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | gaze, which is · order, which is · relationships which are |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.