Shadowing Practice: 🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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This is a cartoon which you're probably really familiar with as you've gone through your education
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and just the idea of where the organs are within the abdominal cavity.
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So here we can see we've got the sternum, here now we can see the Xiphy sternum,
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this inferior limit of the sternum which demarcates the superior aspect of the abdomen
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and then we can see it radiating down in this direction with those costal cartilages.
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We can see really clearly now, tucked up on this right-hand side, protected by the ribs, we've got the liver,
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this large organ, the largest gland in the human body.
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And in the midline, we can see just about we've got the stomach here, which is then continuous with what's called the duodenum, and that's the first part of the small intestine.
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But previously, I mentioned the appendix down in this lower right inguinal region.
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And here we can see in the lower right inguinal region, we can actually find the appendix.
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So these are really important landmarks which we can identify in the abdominal cavity.
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This is an anterior view.
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Over here, we've got a posterior view and we can see where the kidneys are located either side of the vertebral column.
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We can also see tucked up over here, we have the spleen, which you can just about make out on this left-hand side.
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So we'll look at the various positions of these organs as we go through the course, but this provides a good general overview.
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So now we can relate the surface landmarks that we spoke about previously to a couple of these organs, like the liver and the appendix.
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Here we can start off with the appendix, this blind pouch that's located at the beginning of the large intestine by the cecum.
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And this is really important because, as I mentioned before, we may have radiating pain coming from this region.
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So a useful technique for locating this pain is to use what's known as McBurnie's point, and this is a surface landmark for the appendix.
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So again, we can remind ourselves of where the umbilicus is, we can see it here.
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We can remind ourselves of where the anterior superior iliac spine is.
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And as we can see in the diagram, we can draw a line between these two regions.
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A third of the way from the anterior superior iliac spine towards the umbilicus, so about a third of the way across,
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we can locate our appendix.
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That's known as McBurney's point.
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Palpation in this region can lead to quite severe acute pain.
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And this could indicate that the patient maybe has appendicitis.
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So that's where these surface landmarks are really important in being able to identify which organs lie deep to the skin.
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We can also see over on this side again, mentioned it in the previous slide, the position of the liver.
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And here we can see that actually the liver is hard to palpate palpate
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because most of the liver is actually covered by these ribs.
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And here this diagram may not be 100% correct in
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that it's quite unusual for the liver to actually be so clearly observed free of the ribs.
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It's usually only in patients that have an enlarged liver that it can actually radiate below the ribs.
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And to palpate the liver, you can feel this costal margin.
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And asking the patient to breathe in and out moves the liver.
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And you can actually, pressing on the skin deep to these ribs, can feel this edge of the liver pressing against your fingers.
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So it's really important that we mention the surface landmarks, as you can use them to try and feel and locate organs deep to the skin.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are?”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: liver, appendix, organ, ribs, landmark. Deze video bevat 43 zinnen en 706 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:24. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 160 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| appendix zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ | aanhangsel, appendix |
| rib zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪb/ | rib |
| landmark zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlændmɑːk/ | oriëntatiepunt |
| intestine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | darm, ingewanden |
| abdominal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ | abdominaal, buik- |
| cavity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | gaatje, gat |
| diagram zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | diagram |
| spine zelfstandig naamwoord | /spaɪn/ | ruggengraat |
| appendicitis zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/ | blindedarmontsteking, appendicitis |
| cartilage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | kraakbeen |
| demarcate werkwoord | /dɪˈmɑɹˌkeɪt/ | afbakenen |
| duodenum zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌduəˈdinəm/ | twaalfvingerige darm, duodenum |
| enlarge werkwoord | /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/ | uitvergroten, vergroten |
| palpation zelfstandig naamwoord | palpatie, palpasi | |
| posterior bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | later, posterieur |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we've, we'll, you're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, umbilicus /ˌʌmˈbɪlɪkəs/, appendicitis /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/, posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: rib /ɹɪb/, cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/, customize /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/, enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/, quiz /kwɪz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/, palpate /ˈpælpeɪt/, anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, iliac /ˈɪliæk/, abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: inguinal /ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/, diagram /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als appendix, rib, landmark.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.