Prática de Shadowing: 🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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This is a cartoon which you're probably really familiar with as you've gone through your education
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and just the idea of where the organs are within the abdominal cavity.
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So here we can see we've got the sternum, here now we can see the Xiphy sternum,
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this inferior limit of the sternum which demarcates the superior aspect of the abdomen
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and then we can see it radiating down in this direction with those costal cartilages.
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We can see really clearly now, tucked up on this right-hand side, protected by the ribs, we've got the liver,
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this large organ, the largest gland in the human body.
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And in the midline, we can see just about we've got the stomach here, which is then continuous with what's called the duodenum, and that's the first part of the small intestine.
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But previously, I mentioned the appendix down in this lower right inguinal region.
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And here we can see in the lower right inguinal region, we can actually find the appendix.
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So these are really important landmarks which we can identify in the abdominal cavity.
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This is an anterior view.
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Over here, we've got a posterior view and we can see where the kidneys are located either side of the vertebral column.
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We can also see tucked up over here, we have the spleen, which you can just about make out on this left-hand side.
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So we'll look at the various positions of these organs as we go through the course, but this provides a good general overview.
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So now we can relate the surface landmarks that we spoke about previously to a couple of these organs, like the liver and the appendix.
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Here we can start off with the appendix, this blind pouch that's located at the beginning of the large intestine by the cecum.
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And this is really important because, as I mentioned before, we may have radiating pain coming from this region.
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So a useful technique for locating this pain is to use what's known as McBurnie's point, and this is a surface landmark for the appendix.
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So again, we can remind ourselves of where the umbilicus is, we can see it here.
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We can remind ourselves of where the anterior superior iliac spine is.
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And as we can see in the diagram, we can draw a line between these two regions.
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A third of the way from the anterior superior iliac spine towards the umbilicus, so about a third of the way across,
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we can locate our appendix.
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That's known as McBurney's point.
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Palpation in this region can lead to quite severe acute pain.
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And this could indicate that the patient maybe has appendicitis.
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So that's where these surface landmarks are really important in being able to identify which organs lie deep to the skin.
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We can also see over on this side again, mentioned it in the previous slide, the position of the liver.
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And here we can see that actually the liver is hard to palpate palpate
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because most of the liver is actually covered by these ribs.
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And here this diagram may not be 100% correct in
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that it's quite unusual for the liver to actually be so clearly observed free of the ribs.
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It's usually only in patients that have an enlarged liver that it can actually radiate below the ribs.
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And to palpate the liver, you can feel this costal margin.
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And asking the patient to breathe in and out moves the liver.
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And you can actually, pressing on the skin deep to these ribs, can feel this edge of the liver pressing against your fingers.
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So it's really important that we mention the surface landmarks, as you can use them to try and feel and locate organs deep to the skin.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: liver, appendix, organ, ribs, landmark. Este vídeo tem 43 frases e 706 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:24. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 160 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| appendix substantivo | /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ | apêndice |
| rib substantivo | /ɹɪb/ | costela |
| landmark substantivo | /ˈlændmɑːk/ | marco |
| locate verbo | /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/ | localizar |
| palpate verbo | /ˈpælpeɪt/ | palpar, apalpar |
| anterior adjetivo | /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | anterior |
| costal adjetivo | /ˈkɑstl̩/ | costal |
| iliac adjetivo | /ˈɪliæk/ | ilíaco |
| intestine substantivo | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | intestino |
| abdominal adjetivo | /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ | abdominal |
| cavity substantivo | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | cavidade |
| diagram substantivo | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | diagrama |
| spine substantivo | /spaɪn/ | espinhaço, espinha |
| appendicitis substantivo | /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/ | apendicite |
| caecum substantivo | /ˈsiː.kəm/ | ceco |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we've, we'll, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, umbilicus /ˌʌmˈbɪlɪkəs/, appendicitis /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/, posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: rib /ɹɪb/, landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/, locate /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/, palpate /ˈpælpeɪt/, radiate /ˈɹeɪdieɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: inguinal /ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/, vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: sternum /ˈstɝ.nəm/, spine /spaɪn/, spleen /spliːn/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como appendix, rib, landmark.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.