Prática de Shadowing: RCoA Primary Examination: SOE Physics Question Example - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Okay, so can you tell me how is heat lost during anaesthesia and surgery?
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Okay, so heat loss.
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Is there a way for a diagram to explain this?
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So you've got the patient on the operating table.
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I'll draw that quickly.
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Now, the main way in which heat is lost in an anaesthetic is through radiation, the infrared radiation, and that counts for 40%.
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Then convection currents count for 30%, whereby warm air is moved away from the body,
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aided by laminar flow and moving heat away from the body that way.
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then a further 15% is lost through evaporation through the energy of latent heat of vaporisation.
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Respiration accounts for approximately 10%
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which can be broken down into 8% for latent heat of vaporisation of the gases and 2% of heating the inhaled gases.
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There is a further small amount of heat lost through conduction through solid services such as the operating theatre
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and through IV fluids into the patient.
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Okay, alright let's come back to this 40% that you described of radiation.
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Can you tell me what factors affect the amount of heat loss through radiation?
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OK, so there's a number of factors.
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The first which is the absolute temperature.
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Stefan Boltzmann gives an equation where...
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OK, don't go into detail of the equation.
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What's the important point about that law?
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So the emissive radiation is proportional to a power of 4, the absolute temperature.
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So therefore the hotter the body is, the greater the temperature loss through that body is.
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The other ways in which heat is lost through radiation, the temperature difference between the body and the surrounding areas, the exposure of the body,
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so the exposure of the patient, then the amount of insulation the body has,
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so if they're wearing blankets or clothing or body fat, will reduce heat loss.
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And lastly, the amount of degree of vasodilation, so that the more vasodilated the patient is, the more blood flow there is to the skin,
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and the greater radiated heat is lost through that.
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OK, all right.
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Let's think about what actually goes on during an anesthetic now.
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So what are the phases of heat loss during anesthetic?
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Is it all lost at the same time?
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Or what happens?
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OK, do I draw a graph?
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Yeah, do.
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So the graph for heat loss, I'll do time in hours at the bottom,
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start at 0, and temperature in Celsius.
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The curve essentially looks like this.
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So in the first hour to two hours, you have rapid heat loss of one to five degrees
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which is accounted for by redistribution of blood and between there
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and the next five hours temperature loss decreases and after which temperature plateaus to a fairly stable level.
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Okay thank you.
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That was a pass for that candidate.
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They were able to show a detailed knowledge coupled with a good understanding of the subject.
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And were able to complement their answer by the use of diagrams and graphs and also the use of an equation.
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Diagrams generally are not compulsory.
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They need to add to the answer rather than just being the answer.
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And occasionally in the exam you will be given an artefact or a diagram already in which to base your answer upon.
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If you choose to use a diagram, it's important that you make them as large as you can, make them clear and relevant to the question you're being asked,
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not just the diagram because you happen to remember it.
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It's also important to use the time whilst you're drawing the diagram to help answer the question.
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Don't draw the diagram and then answer the question.
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The two need to be used at the same time.
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It's also helpful if it looks like it's not the first time you've drawn the diagram.
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Graphs too need to be along the same lines, they need to be labelled and you need to think about whereabouts your line goes on the graph.
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Does it go through the zero point or not, where does it actually fit?
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So in summary that was a well structured answer, able to show knowledge and understanding well and used graphs and diagrams appropriately.
📺 Mesmo canal
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O cenário: Aprendendo inglês com um diálogo médico real
O vídeo mostra uma avaliação de exame médico, onde um candidato explica como ocorre a perda de calor durante anestesia e cirurgia. Essa situação real é perfeita para praticar inglês técnico e conversacional, pois combina explicações detalhadas, diagramas e perguntas interativas. Ao analisar o diálogo, você aprende não só termos específicos, mas também como organizar ideias de forma clara — uma habilidade essencial para falar inglês com confiança.
Trechos úteis e colocações para memorizar
Esses grupos de palavras são frequentes em contextos técnicos e ajudam a sounding natural:
- Heat loss (perda de calor): Termo chave no diálogo, usado para descrever o fenômeno principal.
- Convection currents (correntes de convecção): Uma das formas de perda de calor, importante para explicações científicas.
- Latent heat of vaporisation (calor latente de vaporização): Expressão técnica usada para descrever a evaporação de líquidos.
- Redistribution of blood (redistribuição de sangue): Fator que explica a perda rápida de calor nos primeiros minutos.
- Plateaus to a stable level (estabiliza em um nível estável): Descreve a fase final da curva de temperatura, útil para falar de tendências.
Seu desafio de shadowing em inglês
O shadowing (ou "shadow speech") é uma técnica eficaz para melhorar a pronúncia e a fluência. Aqui está como praticar com o vídeo:
- Escute um trecho curto (30 segundos) do diálogo, como a explicação sobre a perda de calor por radiação.
- Repita imediatamente após o falante, copiando a entonação, o ritmo e a articulação. Isso ajuda a treinar o cérebro a processar e produzir sons em inglês de forma natural.
- Grave sua voz e compare com o original. Observe se você está pronunciando termos como "radiation" (radiação) e "vasodilation" (vasodilatação) corretamente.
- Repita o exercício 5 vezes com o mesmo trecho. Isso ajudará a internalizar as colocações e a melhora sua capacidade de responder rapidamente em situações reais.
Praticar com diálogos reais, como esse, faz com que o aprendizado seja mais significativo. Lembre-se: o shadowing em inglês não é só sobre repetir, mas sobre entender o contexto e a intenção por trás das palavras. Com isso, você não só aprende inglês com YouTube, mas também desenvolve habilidades de comunicação práticas.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.