跟讀練習: 🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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This is a cartoon which you're probably really familiar with as you've gone through your education
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and just the idea of where the organs are within the abdominal cavity.
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So here we can see we've got the sternum, here now we can see the Xiphy sternum,
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this inferior limit of the sternum which demarcates the superior aspect of the abdomen
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and then we can see it radiating down in this direction with those costal cartilages.
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We can see really clearly now, tucked up on this right-hand side, protected by the ribs, we've got the liver,
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this large organ, the largest gland in the human body.
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And in the midline, we can see just about we've got the stomach here, which is then continuous with what's called the duodenum, and that's the first part of the small intestine.
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But previously, I mentioned the appendix down in this lower right inguinal region.
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And here we can see in the lower right inguinal region, we can actually find the appendix.
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So these are really important landmarks which we can identify in the abdominal cavity.
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This is an anterior view.
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Over here, we've got a posterior view and we can see where the kidneys are located either side of the vertebral column.
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We can also see tucked up over here, we have the spleen, which you can just about make out on this left-hand side.
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So we'll look at the various positions of these organs as we go through the course, but this provides a good general overview.
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So now we can relate the surface landmarks that we spoke about previously to a couple of these organs, like the liver and the appendix.
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Here we can start off with the appendix, this blind pouch that's located at the beginning of the large intestine by the cecum.
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And this is really important because, as I mentioned before, we may have radiating pain coming from this region.
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So a useful technique for locating this pain is to use what's known as McBurnie's point, and this is a surface landmark for the appendix.
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So again, we can remind ourselves of where the umbilicus is, we can see it here.
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We can remind ourselves of where the anterior superior iliac spine is.
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And as we can see in the diagram, we can draw a line between these two regions.
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A third of the way from the anterior superior iliac spine towards the umbilicus, so about a third of the way across,
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we can locate our appendix.
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That's known as McBurney's point.
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Palpation in this region can lead to quite severe acute pain.
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And this could indicate that the patient maybe has appendicitis.
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So that's where these surface landmarks are really important in being able to identify which organs lie deep to the skin.
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We can also see over on this side again, mentioned it in the previous slide, the position of the liver.
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And here we can see that actually the liver is hard to palpate palpate
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because most of the liver is actually covered by these ribs.
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And here this diagram may not be 100% correct in
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that it's quite unusual for the liver to actually be so clearly observed free of the ribs.
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It's usually only in patients that have an enlarged liver that it can actually radiate below the ribs.
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And to palpate the liver, you can feel this costal margin.
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And asking the patient to breathe in and out moves the liver.
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And you can actually, pressing on the skin deep to these ribs, can feel this edge of the liver pressing against your fingers.
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So it's really important that we mention the surface landmarks, as you can use them to try and feel and locate organs deep to the skin.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：liver, appendix, organ, ribs, landmark。 這段影片共有 43 個句子、706 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:24。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 160 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 81% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| appendix 名詞 | /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ | 附錄 /附錄 |
| rib 名詞 | /ɹɪb/ | 肋骨 |
| landmark 名詞 | /ˈlændmɑːk/ | 地標 /地標 |
| anterior 形容詞 | /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | 前部 |
| costal 形容詞 | /ˈkɑstl̩/ | 肋骨, 肋骨的 |
| intestine 名詞 | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | 腸管 /腸管, 腸子 /腸子 |
| abdominal 形容詞 | /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ | 腹部的 |
| cavity 名詞 | /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ | 腔 |
| diagram 名詞 | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | 圖 /圖, 圖表 /圖表 |
| spine 名詞 | /spaɪn/ | 骨幹 /骨幹, 脊骨 |
| appendicitis 名詞 | /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/ | 闌尾炎 /闌尾炎, 盲腸炎 /盲腸炎 |
| caecum 名詞 | /ˈsiː.kəm/ | 盲腸 /盲腸 |
| cartilage 名詞 | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 軟骨 /軟骨 |
| customize 動詞 | /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/ | 定製, 定做 |
| duodenum 名詞 | /ˌduəˈdinəm/ | 十二指腸 /十二指腸 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go through 動詞 | 通過 /通過 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we've, we'll, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, umbilicus /ˌʌmˈbɪlɪkəs/, appendicitis /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/, posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/, vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: appendix /əˈpɛn.dɪks/, rib /ɹɪb/, landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/, locate /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/, palpate /ˈpælpeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/, enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/, vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 appendix, rib, landmark 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。