Shadowing Practice: What is Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Today we're talking about arteriovenous malformations or AVM for short.
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A lot of times people ask me, what is an AVM or an arteriovenous malformation?
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And it's a very good question.
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Arteriovenous malformations can be very complicated.
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I'd like to draw an AVM for you so you can help understand this process.
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An AVM is basically a tangle of very, very immature blood vessels in the brain.
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in the brain.
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It almost looks like a bird's nest, but very immature arteries.
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There are many arteries that feed into an AVM, and typically there are very large veins that drain the AVM.
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I'll label these to be clear.
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These are veins and these are arteries.
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The arteries or fire hoses is bring a lot of pressure and blood into the AVM.
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And veins, as you remember, veins you have in your arm are very soft and weak.
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And these veins don't like the amount of blood flow that comes through the AVM.
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This AVM lives in the brain tissue.
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And so it's a potential that all this blood going through the AVM can cause the AVM to break or bleed, which can cause very, very serious problems in the brain.
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Approximately three to 4% of AVMs will rupture every year.
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So neurosurgeons like to treat AVMs to prevent that from happening.
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There are many different treatment strategies to treat an arteriovenous malformation into someone's brain and I'll quickly go through all those.
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The first one and one of the most tried and true procedures is brain surgery to physically remove the AVM from the brain.
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The way this is done is with a small incision on the scalp.
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We remove some bone from the skull, which we put back later, and we physically remove the AVM.
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An AVM is removed by coagulating or sacrificing arteries that feed the AVM to reduce the blood flow.
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Then we coagulate and remove the veins, and we physically then take the AVM out of the brain.
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This cures the AVM.
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Now sometimes AVMs have so much blood flow that go into them that we need to slow that blood flow down before surgery.
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This way we can accomplish by taking blood catheters up into our AVM and injecting various substances like glue or a material called onyx, which is like black toothpaste that can slow down the AVM.
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These catheters are placed in the artery and then we simply inject that material in the AVM to slow the AVM down.
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We don't think we can cure the AVM with that approach but it helps us to operate on the AVM because there's less blood flow.
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The last option I'll discuss is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a form of radiation therapy that is very accurately targeted to the AVM.
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It's an outpatient procedure.
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You only need typically one dose of radiation and that radiation over two to three years potentially helps melt or remove the AVM from the brain.
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This is a minimally invasive approach, and some patients like this approach for their AVM.
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The decision on what treatment modality to use is a complex decision, and we can discuss this further at your clinic visit.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze video bevat 34 zinnen en 532 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:14. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 164 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 78% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:

  • vein /veɪn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — ader. A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
  • artery /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — slagader, arterie. Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its…
  • physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ (bijwoord) — lichamelijk. In a physical manner.
  • radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — straling. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.
  • procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — procedure. A particular method for performing a task.
  • cure /kjɔː/ (werkwoord) — genezen, helen. To restore to health.
  • bone /boʊn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — been. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
  • complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — ingewikkeld, gecompliceerd. Difficult or convoluted.
  • label /ˈleɪ.bəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — etiket, label. A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.
  • knife /ˈnaɪ̯f/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — mes. A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge…
  • potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ (bijwoord) — potentieel. In a manner showing much potential; with the possibility of happening in a given way.
  • tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — weefsel. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
  • sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — opoffering. Originally, the killing (and often burning) of a human being or an animal as an offering to a deity; later, also the offering of an object to a deity.
  • vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — vaartuig. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.
  • substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — substantie. Physical matter; material.

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

  • slow down (werkwoord) — afremmen. To decelerate.

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'll, don't, I'd. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

  • De “th”-klanken: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, toothpaste /ˈtuθpeɪst/
  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, coagulate /koʊˈæɡ.jə.leɪt/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als vein, artery, physically.

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetis done · is removed · are placed
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of dingbleed, which can · onyx, which is · radiosurgery which is

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →