跟讀練習: What is Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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34 句
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Today we're talking about arteriovenous malformations or AVM for short.
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A lot of times people ask me, what is an AVM or an arteriovenous malformation?
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And it's a very good question.
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Arteriovenous malformations can be very complicated.
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I'd like to draw an AVM for you so you can help understand this process.
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An AVM is basically a tangle of very, very immature blood vessels in the brain.
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in the brain.
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It almost looks like a bird's nest, but very immature arteries.
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There are many arteries that feed into an AVM, and typically there are very large veins that drain the AVM.
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I'll label these to be clear.
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These are veins and these are arteries.
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The arteries or fire hoses is bring a lot of pressure and blood into the AVM.
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And veins, as you remember, veins you have in your arm are very soft and weak.
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And these veins don't like the amount of blood flow that comes through the AVM.
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This AVM lives in the brain tissue.
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And so it's a potential that all this blood going through the AVM can cause the AVM to break or bleed, which can cause very, very serious problems in the brain.
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Approximately three to 4% of AVMs will rupture every year.
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So neurosurgeons like to treat AVMs to prevent that from happening.
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There are many different treatment strategies to treat an arteriovenous malformation into someone's brain and I'll quickly go through all those.
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The first one and one of the most tried and true procedures is brain surgery to physically remove the AVM from the brain.
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The way this is done is with a small incision on the scalp.
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We remove some bone from the skull, which we put back later, and we physically remove the AVM.
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An AVM is removed by coagulating or sacrificing arteries that feed the AVM to reduce the blood flow.
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Then we coagulate and remove the veins, and we physically then take the AVM out of the brain.
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This cures the AVM.
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Now sometimes AVMs have so much blood flow that go into them that we need to slow that blood flow down before surgery.
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This way we can accomplish by taking blood catheters up into our AVM and injecting various substances like glue or a material called onyx, which is like black toothpaste that can slow down the AVM.
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These catheters are placed in the artery and then we simply inject that material in the AVM to slow the AVM down.
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We don't think we can cure the AVM with that approach but it helps us to operate on the AVM because there's less blood flow.
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The last option I'll discuss is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a form of radiation therapy that is very accurately targeted to the AVM.
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It's an outpatient procedure.
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You only need typically one dose of radiation and that radiation over two to three years potentially helps melt or remove the AVM from the brain.
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This is a minimally invasive approach, and some patients like this approach for their AVM.
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The decision on what treatment modality to use is a complex decision, and we can discuss this further at your clinic visit.
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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？
在學習英語的過程中，提高口語表達能力至關重要。通過觀看並模仿影片中的對話，學習者可以更好地理解專業術語和複雜的概念。這個影片討論了“動靜脈畸形（AVM）”，為學習者提供了一個生動的醫學內容背景，幫助他們在具體語境中練習口語。利用這個影片，您可以在家中進行英語影子跟讀，模仿影片中的發音和語調，從而提升您的英語發音能力。
語法與表達在語境中的應用
在影片中，有幾個重要的語法結構和表達方式值得注意：
- 被動語態：例如，“AVM是由血管形成的道理”。使用被動語態可以強調動作的承受者，幫助學習者更好地理解專科名詞的運用。
- 條件句：如“如果AVM破裂，可以導致嚴重的問題”。通過學習條件句，可以幫助學習者在不同情境下表達可能發生的結果。
- 名詞短語：如“動靜脈畸形的治療策略”。名詞短語的使用可以豐富表達，提升語言的專業性，適合醫學或科技類的討論。
常見發音陷阱
在影片中，一些詞彙可能會讓學習者產生髮音誤區：
- “Arteriovenous”：這個詞的發音較為複雜，學習者可以分成幾個部分練習，例如“arterio”和“venous”分別發音。
- “Malformation”：強調開頭的音節，有時會使得學習者忽略重音。反覆練習時，可以通過錄音和反覆聽來注意重音的變化。
- 專業術語：例如“coagulating”和“radiosurgery”，這些詞在日常口語中不常使用，反覆練習有助於提高英語發音的準確性。
通過這個影片，學習者可以不斷提高對特定醫學術語的發音，同時也能通過看YouTube學英語的方式，慢慢適應不同的發音和語調。以此提高整體的英語能力，增強自信，邁出更進一步的學習之路。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | bleed, which can · onyx, which is · radiosurgery which is |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is removed · are placed |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。