跟讀練習: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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An arteriovenous malformation, or AVM for short, is a blood vessel malformation that actually lives in the brain tissue itself.

They're almost like birds nests or a tangle of blood vessels that are located in the brain.

There are many, many arteries that typically go into AVMs that feed the AVM with blood and there's large veins that drain the AVM of blood.

We don't really know why AVMs form, but they do form at eight weeks in gestation.

When you're in your mom's belly, when the blood vessels of the brain are forming, that's when AVMs typically form.

They usually present clinically or to physicians, and it can be varied, but usually around 20 years old, or even like 40 years old.

There could be no symptoms of AVMs, but the symptoms that we commonly get patients referred for could be headache, and it's not just sort of normal headache, but it'd be sort of a persistent, severe headache.

People can have seizures, and the biggest sort of fear thing that AVMs can do is cause bleeding in the brain.

That type of symptom's not very mistakable.

it's a very very sudden severe headache so if that happens we recommend that patients go to the emergency room very quickly.

There are many treatment options the first one is good old-fashioned surgery we actually make an incision on the scalp we remove a small window of bone and we resect the AVM using microsurgical techniques.

The second option we go up through the groin with a catheter or a small tube and we go into those small blood vessels of the brain right

to the point where the blood vessel meets the AVM and we can actually inject small particles or glue substances that go into the AVM to block off the blood supply.

And then the third option is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a very focused type of radiation that we deliver to the AVM that over about two to three years sort of slowly melts the AVM away.

Patients typically present in one of two ways.

One is for an elective treatment so that's where I see a patient in my clinic.

We talk about different forms of AVM treatment and then we actually perform that.

Very different scenario than when patients come in and when they have a bleed from an AVM.

That's more of an emergent situation.

In those situations patients and families can expect a rapid hospital workup and course where we actually get imaging studies and sometimes even emergent surgery is required in those situations.

There are many, many different aspects to caring for patients with AVMs, all the way from very, very good surgical care to post-operative care.

Sometimes patients need to be in the neuro ICU after AVM treatment just to monitor them.

You want a lot of people there from a rehab team or support team so that people can get better.

The combination of that comprehensive team really predicts success when we treat AVMs.

Thank you.

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跟讀練習: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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